Determine whether $sum_{n=1}^{infty}frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}$ converges.












2












$begingroup$


L'Hôspital is not allowed, we are allowed to use algebraic methods.



First I have tried the root-criteria:



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}sqrt[n]frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}iff lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{2}{sqrt[n]{n+3^n}},.$$ I don't know how to proceed further.



Then I have tried for a long time the quotient criteria, i.e.,



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}frac{frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}iff 2lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}},.$$



Last I have tried Discrete Comparison Test. My idea comparing



$$frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }frac{1}{n},,text{ i.e. },frac{n^22^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }1,.$$



I have seen the plots on WolframAlpha and I have seen that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ therefore $frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}>frac{1}{n}$ for almost all $n$ therefore it diverges, but I am not sure whether one can argue like that. And how to prove that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ formally.



Thanks for the support!










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$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
    $endgroup$
    – K. 622
    Dec 15 '18 at 0:34
















2












$begingroup$


L'Hôspital is not allowed, we are allowed to use algebraic methods.



First I have tried the root-criteria:



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}sqrt[n]frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}iff lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{2}{sqrt[n]{n+3^n}},.$$ I don't know how to proceed further.



Then I have tried for a long time the quotient criteria, i.e.,



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}frac{frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}iff 2lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}},.$$



Last I have tried Discrete Comparison Test. My idea comparing



$$frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }frac{1}{n},,text{ i.e. },frac{n^22^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }1,.$$



I have seen the plots on WolframAlpha and I have seen that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ therefore $frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}>frac{1}{n}$ for almost all $n$ therefore it diverges, but I am not sure whether one can argue like that. And how to prove that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ formally.



Thanks for the support!










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
    $endgroup$
    – K. 622
    Dec 15 '18 at 0:34














2












2








2





$begingroup$


L'Hôspital is not allowed, we are allowed to use algebraic methods.



First I have tried the root-criteria:



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}sqrt[n]frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}iff lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{2}{sqrt[n]{n+3^n}},.$$ I don't know how to proceed further.



Then I have tried for a long time the quotient criteria, i.e.,



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}frac{frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}iff 2lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}},.$$



Last I have tried Discrete Comparison Test. My idea comparing



$$frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }frac{1}{n},,text{ i.e. },frac{n^22^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }1,.$$



I have seen the plots on WolframAlpha and I have seen that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ therefore $frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}>frac{1}{n}$ for almost all $n$ therefore it diverges, but I am not sure whether one can argue like that. And how to prove that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ formally.



Thanks for the support!










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




L'Hôspital is not allowed, we are allowed to use algebraic methods.



First I have tried the root-criteria:



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}sqrt[n]frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}iff lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{2}{sqrt[n]{n+3^n}},.$$ I don't know how to proceed further.



Then I have tried for a long time the quotient criteria, i.e.,



$$limsup_{nrightarrow infty}frac{frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}iff 2lim_{nrightarrow infty}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}},.$$



Last I have tried Discrete Comparison Test. My idea comparing



$$frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }frac{1}{n},,text{ i.e. },frac{n^22^n}{n+3^n}text{ vs }1,.$$



I have seen the plots on WolframAlpha and I have seen that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ therefore $frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}>frac{1}{n}$ for almost all $n$ therefore it diverges, but I am not sure whether one can argue like that. And how to prove that $n^22^n$ converges faster then $n+3^n$ formally.



Thanks for the support!







calculus sequences-and-series convergence limits-without-lhopital






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share|cite|improve this question













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edited Dec 14 '18 at 20:58









Batominovski

33.1k33293




33.1k33293










asked Dec 14 '18 at 20:43









RM777RM777

36912




36912








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
    $endgroup$
    – K. 622
    Dec 15 '18 at 0:34














  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
    $endgroup$
    – K. 622
    Dec 15 '18 at 0:34








1




1




$begingroup$
It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
$endgroup$
– K. 622
Dec 15 '18 at 0:34




$begingroup$
It's l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) by the way, the circumflex represents a lost consonant, in this case 's'.
$endgroup$
– K. 622
Dec 15 '18 at 0:34










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

HINT:



Note that we have



$$0le frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}le nleft(frac23right)^n$$



Can you finish now?





If you want to apply the root test directly, then



$$begin{align}
lim_{nto infty}sqrt[n]{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left(frac{n^{1/n}}{left(1+frac n{3^n}right)^{1/n}}right)\\
&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left( n^{1/n}e^{-frac1n logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}right)
end{align}$$



Can you evaluate the limit $lim_{nto infty}frac{logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}{n}$?






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
    $endgroup$
    – RM777
    Dec 15 '18 at 18:19










  • $begingroup$
    You're welcome. My pleasure.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 15 '18 at 19:02



















2












$begingroup$

We may use the ratio test.



Consider $$|dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|=left|dfrac{dfrac{n2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{dfrac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}right|=left|dfrac{2(n+1)(n+3^n)}{n(n+1+3^{n+1}}right|$$



Taking the limit as $ntoinfty$, we see it approaches $2/3 lt 1$.



Therefore by ratio test, your series converges.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
    $endgroup$
    – DanielWainfleet
    Dec 15 '18 at 4:49





















0












$begingroup$

As an alternative by ratio test



$$frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}frac{3^n}{n2^n}=frac{2(n+1)}{n}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}}to frac 23$$



and therefore the series converges.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













    Your Answer





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    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes








    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4












    $begingroup$

    HINT:



    Note that we have



    $$0le frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}le nleft(frac23right)^n$$



    Can you finish now?





    If you want to apply the root test directly, then



    $$begin{align}
    lim_{nto infty}sqrt[n]{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left(frac{n^{1/n}}{left(1+frac n{3^n}right)^{1/n}}right)\\
    &=frac23lim_{nto infty}left( n^{1/n}e^{-frac1n logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}right)
    end{align}$$



    Can you evaluate the limit $lim_{nto infty}frac{logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}{n}$?






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
      $endgroup$
      – RM777
      Dec 15 '18 at 18:19










    • $begingroup$
      You're welcome. My pleasure.
      $endgroup$
      – Mark Viola
      Dec 15 '18 at 19:02
















    4












    $begingroup$

    HINT:



    Note that we have



    $$0le frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}le nleft(frac23right)^n$$



    Can you finish now?





    If you want to apply the root test directly, then



    $$begin{align}
    lim_{nto infty}sqrt[n]{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left(frac{n^{1/n}}{left(1+frac n{3^n}right)^{1/n}}right)\\
    &=frac23lim_{nto infty}left( n^{1/n}e^{-frac1n logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}right)
    end{align}$$



    Can you evaluate the limit $lim_{nto infty}frac{logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}{n}$?






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
      $endgroup$
      – RM777
      Dec 15 '18 at 18:19










    • $begingroup$
      You're welcome. My pleasure.
      $endgroup$
      – Mark Viola
      Dec 15 '18 at 19:02














    4












    4








    4





    $begingroup$

    HINT:



    Note that we have



    $$0le frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}le nleft(frac23right)^n$$



    Can you finish now?





    If you want to apply the root test directly, then



    $$begin{align}
    lim_{nto infty}sqrt[n]{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left(frac{n^{1/n}}{left(1+frac n{3^n}right)^{1/n}}right)\\
    &=frac23lim_{nto infty}left( n^{1/n}e^{-frac1n logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}right)
    end{align}$$



    Can you evaluate the limit $lim_{nto infty}frac{logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}{n}$?






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    HINT:



    Note that we have



    $$0le frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}le nleft(frac23right)^n$$



    Can you finish now?





    If you want to apply the root test directly, then



    $$begin{align}
    lim_{nto infty}sqrt[n]{frac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}&=frac23lim_{nto infty}left(frac{n^{1/n}}{left(1+frac n{3^n}right)^{1/n}}right)\\
    &=frac23lim_{nto infty}left( n^{1/n}e^{-frac1n logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}right)
    end{align}$$



    Can you evaluate the limit $lim_{nto infty}frac{logleft(1+frac n{3^n}right)}{n}$?







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Dec 14 '18 at 20:51

























    answered Dec 14 '18 at 20:44









    Mark ViolaMark Viola

    133k1277175




    133k1277175












    • $begingroup$
      Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
      $endgroup$
      – RM777
      Dec 15 '18 at 18:19










    • $begingroup$
      You're welcome. My pleasure.
      $endgroup$
      – Mark Viola
      Dec 15 '18 at 19:02


















    • $begingroup$
      Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
      $endgroup$
      – RM777
      Dec 15 '18 at 18:19










    • $begingroup$
      You're welcome. My pleasure.
      $endgroup$
      – Mark Viola
      Dec 15 '18 at 19:02
















    $begingroup$
    Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
    $endgroup$
    – RM777
    Dec 15 '18 at 18:19




    $begingroup$
    Thank you $n(frac{2}{3})^n$ is a convergent majorant.
    $endgroup$
    – RM777
    Dec 15 '18 at 18:19












    $begingroup$
    You're welcome. My pleasure.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 15 '18 at 19:02




    $begingroup$
    You're welcome. My pleasure.
    $endgroup$
    – Mark Viola
    Dec 15 '18 at 19:02











    2












    $begingroup$

    We may use the ratio test.



    Consider $$|dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|=left|dfrac{dfrac{n2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{dfrac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}right|=left|dfrac{2(n+1)(n+3^n)}{n(n+1+3^{n+1}}right|$$



    Taking the limit as $ntoinfty$, we see it approaches $2/3 lt 1$.



    Therefore by ratio test, your series converges.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
      $endgroup$
      – DanielWainfleet
      Dec 15 '18 at 4:49


















    2












    $begingroup$

    We may use the ratio test.



    Consider $$|dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|=left|dfrac{dfrac{n2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{dfrac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}right|=left|dfrac{2(n+1)(n+3^n)}{n(n+1+3^{n+1}}right|$$



    Taking the limit as $ntoinfty$, we see it approaches $2/3 lt 1$.



    Therefore by ratio test, your series converges.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
      $endgroup$
      – DanielWainfleet
      Dec 15 '18 at 4:49
















    2












    2








    2





    $begingroup$

    We may use the ratio test.



    Consider $$|dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|=left|dfrac{dfrac{n2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{dfrac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}right|=left|dfrac{2(n+1)(n+3^n)}{n(n+1+3^{n+1}}right|$$



    Taking the limit as $ntoinfty$, we see it approaches $2/3 lt 1$.



    Therefore by ratio test, your series converges.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$



    We may use the ratio test.



    Consider $$|dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}|=left|dfrac{dfrac{n2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}}{dfrac{n2^n}{n+3^n}}right|=left|dfrac{2(n+1)(n+3^n)}{n(n+1+3^{n+1}}right|$$



    Taking the limit as $ntoinfty$, we see it approaches $2/3 lt 1$.



    Therefore by ratio test, your series converges.







    share|cite|improve this answer












    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer










    answered Dec 14 '18 at 21:01









    K Split XK Split X

    4,30421233




    4,30421233












    • $begingroup$
      We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
      $endgroup$
      – DanielWainfleet
      Dec 15 '18 at 4:49




















    • $begingroup$
      We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
      $endgroup$
      – DanielWainfleet
      Dec 15 '18 at 4:49


















    $begingroup$
    We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
    $endgroup$
    – DanielWainfleet
    Dec 15 '18 at 4:49






    $begingroup$
    We can also apply the ratio test to $n2^n/3^n,$ and then use the comparison test, as $0<a_n<n2^n/3^n$
    $endgroup$
    – DanielWainfleet
    Dec 15 '18 at 4:49













    0












    $begingroup$

    As an alternative by ratio test



    $$frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}frac{3^n}{n2^n}=frac{2(n+1)}{n}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}}to frac 23$$



    and therefore the series converges.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$


















      0












      $begingroup$

      As an alternative by ratio test



      $$frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}frac{3^n}{n2^n}=frac{2(n+1)}{n}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}}to frac 23$$



      and therefore the series converges.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$
















        0












        0








        0





        $begingroup$

        As an alternative by ratio test



        $$frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}frac{3^n}{n2^n}=frac{2(n+1)}{n}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}}to frac 23$$



        and therefore the series converges.






        share|cite|improve this answer











        $endgroup$



        As an alternative by ratio test



        $$frac{(n+1)2^{n+1}}{n+1+3^{n+1}}frac{3^n}{n2^n}=frac{2(n+1)}{n}frac{n+3^n}{n+1+3^{n+1}}to frac 23$$



        and therefore the series converges.







        share|cite|improve this answer














        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer








        edited Dec 15 '18 at 0:06

























        answered Dec 14 '18 at 21:01









        gimusigimusi

        92.9k84494




        92.9k84494






























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