Prove that $a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi$












21












$begingroup$



If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$




I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
    $endgroup$
    – Surb
    May 6 '16 at 20:54












  • $begingroup$
    May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    May 6 '16 at 20:55












  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
    $endgroup$
    – Puzzled417
    May 6 '16 at 20:59








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Stevens
    May 6 '16 at 21:26






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
    $endgroup$
    – Yuriy S
    Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
















21












$begingroup$



If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$




I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
    $endgroup$
    – Surb
    May 6 '16 at 20:54












  • $begingroup$
    May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    May 6 '16 at 20:55












  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
    $endgroup$
    – Puzzled417
    May 6 '16 at 20:59








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Stevens
    May 6 '16 at 21:26






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
    $endgroup$
    – Yuriy S
    Apr 25 '18 at 10:04














21












21








21


16



$begingroup$



If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$




I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$





If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$




I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.







inequality






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked May 6 '16 at 20:49









Puzzled417Puzzled417

3,125527




3,125527












  • $begingroup$
    This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
    $endgroup$
    – Surb
    May 6 '16 at 20:54












  • $begingroup$
    May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    May 6 '16 at 20:55












  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
    $endgroup$
    – Puzzled417
    May 6 '16 at 20:59








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Stevens
    May 6 '16 at 21:26






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
    $endgroup$
    – Yuriy S
    Apr 25 '18 at 10:04


















  • $begingroup$
    This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
    $endgroup$
    – Surb
    May 6 '16 at 20:54












  • $begingroup$
    May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    May 6 '16 at 20:55












  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
    $endgroup$
    – Puzzled417
    May 6 '16 at 20:59








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
    $endgroup$
    – Patrick Stevens
    May 6 '16 at 21:26






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
    $endgroup$
    – Yuriy S
    Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
















$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54






$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54














$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55






$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55














$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59






$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59






2




2




$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26




$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is 3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26




3




3




$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04




$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:




  • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


  • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


  • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


  • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


  • $3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$





This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,





  • $min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,


  • $k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,


  • $k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.





As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).




$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$




Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.




$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.




$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.




$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.




$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    2












    $begingroup$

    The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:



    $$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



    The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:



    $$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$



    And now we can reduce this to a system:
    $$begin{cases}
    (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
    b^{b}=c^{d} \
    c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
    end{cases}
    $$



    Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:



    $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



    I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$






    share|cite|improve this answer








    New contributor




    Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.






    $endgroup$









    • 1




      $begingroup$
      This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
      $endgroup$
      – TheSimpliFire
      Mar 24 at 18:51














    Your Answer





    StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
    return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
    StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
    StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
    });
    });
    }, "mathjax-editing");

    StackExchange.ready(function() {
    var channelOptions = {
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "69"
    };
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
    createEditor();
    });
    }
    else {
    createEditor();
    }
    });

    function createEditor() {
    StackExchange.prepareEditor({
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: true,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: 10,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader: {
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    },
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    });


    }
    });














    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function () {
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f1774673%2fprove-that-aabbbcccddda-geq-pi%23new-answer', 'question_page');
    }
    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4












    $begingroup$

    TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:




    • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


    • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


    • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


    • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


    • $3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$





    This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,





    • $min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,


    • $k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,


    • $k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.





    As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).




    $1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$




    Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.




    $2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




    As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




    $3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




    As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




    $4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




    We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




    $5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




    As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




    $6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




    We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




    $7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




    If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.




    $8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




    If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.




    $9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




    As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




    $10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




    As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




    $11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




    As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




    $12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




    If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




    $13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




    If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.




    $14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




    If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




    $15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




    As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




    $16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




    If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      4












      $begingroup$

      TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:




      • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


      • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


      • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


      • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


      • $3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$





      This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,





      • $min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,


      • $k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,


      • $k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.





      As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).




      $1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$




      Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.




      $2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




      As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




      $3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




      As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




      $4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




      We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




      $5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




      As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




      $6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




      We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




      $7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




      If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.




      $8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




      If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.




      $9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




      As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




      $10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




      As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




      $11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




      As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




      $12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




      If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




      $13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




      If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.




      $14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




      If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




      $15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




      As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




      $16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




      If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        4












        4








        4





        $begingroup$

        TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:




        • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


        • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


        • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


        • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


        • $3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$





        This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,





        • $min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,


        • $k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,


        • $k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.





        As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).




        $1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$




        Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.




        $2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.




        $8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.




        $9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




        $10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




        $11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




        $13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.




        $14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




        $16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:




        • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


        • $1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


        • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$


        • $2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$


        • $3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$





        This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,





        • $min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,


        • $k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,


        • $k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.





        As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).




        $1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$




        Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.




        $2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.




        $7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.




        $8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.




        $9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




        $10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




        $11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.




        $13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$




        If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.




        $14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$




        If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.




        $15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$




        As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.




        $16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$




        If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Mar 24 at 16:24









        TheSimpliFireTheSimpliFire

        13k62464




        13k62464























            2












            $begingroup$

            The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:



            $$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:



            $$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$



            And now we can reduce this to a system:
            $$begin{cases}
            (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
            b^{b}=c^{d} \
            c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
            end{cases}
            $$



            Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:



            $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$






            share|cite|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






            $endgroup$









            • 1




              $begingroup$
              This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
              $endgroup$
              – TheSimpliFire
              Mar 24 at 18:51


















            2












            $begingroup$

            The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:



            $$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:



            $$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$



            And now we can reduce this to a system:
            $$begin{cases}
            (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
            b^{b}=c^{d} \
            c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
            end{cases}
            $$



            Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:



            $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$






            share|cite|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






            $endgroup$









            • 1




              $begingroup$
              This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
              $endgroup$
              – TheSimpliFire
              Mar 24 at 18:51
















            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$

            The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:



            $$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:



            $$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$



            And now we can reduce this to a system:
            $$begin{cases}
            (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
            b^{b}=c^{d} \
            c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
            end{cases}
            $$



            Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:



            $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$






            share|cite|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






            $endgroup$



            The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:



            $$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:



            $$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$



            And now we can reduce this to a system:
            $$begin{cases}
            (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
            b^{b}=c^{d} \
            c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
            end{cases}
            $$



            Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:



            $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$



            I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$







            share|cite|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.









            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer






            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.









            answered Mar 24 at 16:52









            EurekaEureka

            438112




            438112




            New contributor




            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.





            New contributor





            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






            Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
              $endgroup$
              – TheSimpliFire
              Mar 24 at 18:51
















            • 1




              $begingroup$
              This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
              $endgroup$
              – TheSimpliFire
              Mar 24 at 18:51










            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
            $endgroup$
            – TheSimpliFire
            Mar 24 at 18:51






            $begingroup$
            This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
            $endgroup$
            – TheSimpliFire
            Mar 24 at 18:51




















            draft saved

            draft discarded




















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f1774673%2fprove-that-aabbbcccddda-geq-pi%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            Willebadessen

            Ida-Boy-Ed-Garten

            Residenzschloss Arolsen