Prove that $a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi$
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If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$
I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.
inequality
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|
show 9 more comments
$begingroup$
If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$
I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.
inequality
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
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– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
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May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
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– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
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@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
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– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
2
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The best I've got out of Mathematica is3.1605859174508652189…, usingNMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
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– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
3
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
|
show 9 more comments
$begingroup$
If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$
I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.
inequality
$endgroup$
If $a,b,c,d >0$, and $a+b+c+d=4$, prove that
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da} geq pi.$$
I don't think Jensen's inequality will help here, but I think first determining where equality holds will be useful. Maybe taking the logarithm or exponential of both sides will also be useful, but I want to in the end get rid of the plus signs in order to simplify it.
inequality
inequality
asked May 6 '16 at 20:49
Puzzled417Puzzled417
3,125527
3,125527
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This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
2
$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is3.1605859174508652189…, usingNMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
3
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
|
show 9 more comments
$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
2
$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is3.1605859174508652189…, usingNMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]
$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
3
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
2
2
$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is
3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is
3.1605859174508652189…, using NMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
3
3
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04
|
show 9 more comments
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,
$min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,
$k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,
$k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.
As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).
$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$
Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.
$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.
$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.
$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
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add a comment |
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The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:
$$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$
And now we can reduce this to a system:
$$begin{cases}
(4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
b^{b}=c^{d} \
c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
end{cases}
$$
Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:
$$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
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1
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This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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$begingroup$
TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,
$min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,
$k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,
$k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.
As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).
$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$
Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.
$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.
$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.
$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,
$min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,
$k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,
$k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.
As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).
$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$
Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.
$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.
$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.
$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,
$min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,
$k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,
$k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.
As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).
$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$
Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.
$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.
$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.
$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$endgroup$
TL;DR: The inequality has been proven for all cases except the following five:
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$1 < a < 2$, $b < 1$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.207$, $c > 1$, $d < 1$
$2 < a < 3$, $b < 0.256$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
$3 < a < 4$, $b < 0.129$, $c < 1$, $d < 1$
This partial answer heavily uses the results that for a real number $k>0$,
$min x^{kx}=(sqrt[e]{e^k})^{-1}$,
$k^{kx}>k^{kx_0}$ for $k>1$ and $x>x_0$,
$k^{kx}<k^{kx_0}$ for $k<1$ and $x>x_0$.
As the sum $$S=a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}$$ is cyclic, we need only concern $a=1$ and $a>1$ to prove the truth of the inequality. Thus there are sixteen cases that we need to consider (note that in most cases the condition $a+b+c+d=4$ is implicitly used).
$1)$ $a=b=c=d=1$
Clearly $S=1+1+1+1>pi$.
$2)$ $a=b=1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$3)$ $a=b=1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$4)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$5)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$6)$ $a=1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
We have $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$.
$7)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $bge0.6$, $cle2.4$ so $Sge1+0.6^{0.6cdot2.4}+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}>pi$. If $b<0.6$, $c>1.4$ so $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+min{1.4^{1.4d}+d^d}>pi$.
$8)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $bge0.89$, $dle2.11$ so $Sge1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^{2.11}})^{-1}+1>pi$. If $b<0.89$, $3>d>1.11$ so $Sge 1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}+1.11^{1.11}>pi$.
$9)$ $a=1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$10)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
As $a<2$, $S>1+1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$11)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
As $d<2$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$12)$ $a>1$, $b>1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $dge0.675$, $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e^{0.675}})^{-1}+0.675^{0.675}>pi$. If $age2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>2^2+0+0+0>pi$. If $a<2$, $d<0.675$, then $S>1+1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}>pi$.
$13)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d<1$
If $3>a>2$, $c<2$ so $bge0.207$, $S>2^{2cdot0.207}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
$14)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d>1$
If $dge2$, $S>0+0+0+2^2>pi$. If $d<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1>pi$.
$15)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c>1$, $d>1$
As $c<2$, $S>1+(sqrt[e]{e^2})^{-1}+1+1>pi$.
$16)$ $a>1$, $b<1$, $c<1$, $d<1$
If $4>a>3$, $bge0.129$, $S>3^{3cdot0.129}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^4})^{-1}>pi$. If $3>a>2$, $bge0.256$, $S>2^{2cdot0.256}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e})^{-1}+(sqrt[e]{e^3})^{-1}>pi$.
answered Mar 24 at 16:24
TheSimpliFireTheSimpliFire
13k62464
13k62464
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:
$$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$
And now we can reduce this to a system:
$$begin{cases}
(4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
b^{b}=c^{d} \
c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
end{cases}
$$
Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:
$$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:
$$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$
And now we can reduce this to a system:
$$begin{cases}
(4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
b^{b}=c^{d} \
c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
end{cases}
$$
Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:
$$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:
$$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$
And now we can reduce this to a system:
$$begin{cases}
(4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
b^{b}=c^{d} \
c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
end{cases}
$$
Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:
$$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
The problem may be simplified with AM-GM inequality:
$$a^{ab}+b^{bc}+c^{cd}+d^{da}geq 4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
The equality between AM and GM is valid if and only if all of the factors are equal so we must solve:
$$a^{ab}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{da} Rightarrow (4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)b}=b^{bc}=c^{cd}=d^{d(4-b-c-d)} $$
And now we can reduce this to a system:
$$begin{cases}
(4-b-c-d)^{(4-b-c-d)}=b^{c} \
b^{b}=c^{d} \
c^{c}=d^{(4-b-c-d)} \
end{cases}
$$
Unluckly i'm an high school noob and i have only geogebra that explodes if I put one of these equations. However we must find all of the solutions of the system and verify that for each of these:
$$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi $$
I found only the trivial one (1,1,1) and in this case trivially $$ 4 geq pi $$
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
answered Mar 24 at 16:52
EurekaEureka
438112
438112
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Eureka is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
1
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
1
1
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
$begingroup$
This method does not work. The inequality $4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}} geq pi$ does not hold for all $a,b,c,d$ that satisfy the condition. Try $a=3.2794,b=0.0001,c=0.2751,d=0.4454$. Then $a+b+c+d=4$ but $$4(a^{ab}b^{bc}c^{cd}d^{da})^{frac{1}{4}}=2.86...$$ which is not more than $pi$.
$endgroup$
– TheSimpliFire
Mar 24 at 18:51
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
This reminds me the inequality $a^a+b^b>a^b+b^a$ from Wikipédia. Not sure if it help though...
$endgroup$
– Surb
May 6 '16 at 20:54
$begingroup$
May I ask how you came across this problem? Also, do you know whether the constant $pi$ is optimal?
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
May 6 '16 at 20:55
$begingroup$
@Wojowu It is from a problem solving website. Yes, I believe equality is achieved.
$endgroup$
– Puzzled417
May 6 '16 at 20:59
2
$begingroup$
The best I've got out of Mathematica is
3.1605859174508652189…, usingNMinimize[{(a^2)^(a^2 b^2) + (b^2)^(b^2 c^2) + (c^2)^(c^2 d^2) + (d^2)^(d^2 a^2), a != 0 && b != 0 && c != 0 && d != 0 && a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 == 4}, {a, b, c, d}, WorkingPrecision -> 100]$endgroup$
– Patrick Stevens
May 6 '16 at 21:26
3
$begingroup$
An interesting inequality, but even without the numerical evidence for the bound being around $3.16$ there doesn't seem to be any reason for $pi$ to feature here. Seems arbitrary
$endgroup$
– Yuriy S
Apr 25 '18 at 10:04