A Lipschitz function must has a set of intervals s.t. $cup_kI_k=mathbb R$ and $f$ is either convex or concave...
$begingroup$
Let $f:mathbb Rtomathbb R$ be a continuous function.
$f$ is said to be "regular" if there exists a set of intervals ${I_k}_{kin K}$ (indexed with $k$ where $K$ is an arbitrary set), such that $cup_kI_k=mathbb R$ and $f$ is either convex or concave on $I_k$ $forall k$.
Claim: $f$ is regular iff $f$ is absolute continuous.
If the claim is wrong, then what is the sufficient and necessary condition for the property “regular"?
It seems that Lipschitz is necessary and second differentiable is sufficient.
What theorems might be useful for me to explore the answer?
real-analysis analysis functions continuity lipschitz-functions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $f:mathbb Rtomathbb R$ be a continuous function.
$f$ is said to be "regular" if there exists a set of intervals ${I_k}_{kin K}$ (indexed with $k$ where $K$ is an arbitrary set), such that $cup_kI_k=mathbb R$ and $f$ is either convex or concave on $I_k$ $forall k$.
Claim: $f$ is regular iff $f$ is absolute continuous.
If the claim is wrong, then what is the sufficient and necessary condition for the property “regular"?
It seems that Lipschitz is necessary and second differentiable is sufficient.
What theorems might be useful for me to explore the answer?
real-analysis analysis functions continuity lipschitz-functions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $f:mathbb Rtomathbb R$ be a continuous function.
$f$ is said to be "regular" if there exists a set of intervals ${I_k}_{kin K}$ (indexed with $k$ where $K$ is an arbitrary set), such that $cup_kI_k=mathbb R$ and $f$ is either convex or concave on $I_k$ $forall k$.
Claim: $f$ is regular iff $f$ is absolute continuous.
If the claim is wrong, then what is the sufficient and necessary condition for the property “regular"?
It seems that Lipschitz is necessary and second differentiable is sufficient.
What theorems might be useful for me to explore the answer?
real-analysis analysis functions continuity lipschitz-functions
$endgroup$
Let $f:mathbb Rtomathbb R$ be a continuous function.
$f$ is said to be "regular" if there exists a set of intervals ${I_k}_{kin K}$ (indexed with $k$ where $K$ is an arbitrary set), such that $cup_kI_k=mathbb R$ and $f$ is either convex or concave on $I_k$ $forall k$.
Claim: $f$ is regular iff $f$ is absolute continuous.
If the claim is wrong, then what is the sufficient and necessary condition for the property “regular"?
It seems that Lipschitz is necessary and second differentiable is sufficient.
What theorems might be useful for me to explore the answer?
real-analysis analysis functions continuity lipschitz-functions
real-analysis analysis functions continuity lipschitz-functions
edited Dec 26 '18 at 15:27
David C. Ullrich
61.7k44095
61.7k44095
asked Dec 26 '18 at 8:11
High GPAHigh GPA
914422
914422
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
No, a regular function need not be Lipschitz. Consider $f(t)=t^2$. Of course that's "locally Lipschitz", meaning Lipschitz when restricted to any compact interval. If $f(t)=|t|^{1/2}$ then $f$ is regular but not even locally Lipschitz.
Presumably in the definition you mean that each interval contains more than one point, because if ${a}=[a,a]$ counts as an "interval" then every function is regular. Assuming so, then no, $f''$ continuous does not imply that $f$ is regular: Let $$g(t)=begin{cases}tsin(1/t),&(tne0),
\0,&(t=0).end{cases}$$ Then $g$ is continuous, there exists $f$ with $f''=g$, but $f$ is not concave or convex on any interval containing the origin, because $f''$ changes sign on any such interval.
I doubt that the sort of characterization you want exists.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An absolutely continuous function is differentiable a.e. but only once. A convex function in $I_k$ has an increasing derivative at all but countably many points and so it is differentiable twice a.e. So a "regular" function must be differentiable at all but countably many points in the interior of the $I_k$ and the second derivative has to exist a.e. in the interior of the $I_k$.
So the equivalence is false. I don't know what family of functions would be equivalent to regular.
Definitely polynomials and very smooth functions, but it is not an iff.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3052729%2fa-lipschitz-function-must-has-a-set-of-intervals-s-t-cup-ki-k-mathbb-r-and%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
No, a regular function need not be Lipschitz. Consider $f(t)=t^2$. Of course that's "locally Lipschitz", meaning Lipschitz when restricted to any compact interval. If $f(t)=|t|^{1/2}$ then $f$ is regular but not even locally Lipschitz.
Presumably in the definition you mean that each interval contains more than one point, because if ${a}=[a,a]$ counts as an "interval" then every function is regular. Assuming so, then no, $f''$ continuous does not imply that $f$ is regular: Let $$g(t)=begin{cases}tsin(1/t),&(tne0),
\0,&(t=0).end{cases}$$ Then $g$ is continuous, there exists $f$ with $f''=g$, but $f$ is not concave or convex on any interval containing the origin, because $f''$ changes sign on any such interval.
I doubt that the sort of characterization you want exists.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
add a comment |
$begingroup$
No, a regular function need not be Lipschitz. Consider $f(t)=t^2$. Of course that's "locally Lipschitz", meaning Lipschitz when restricted to any compact interval. If $f(t)=|t|^{1/2}$ then $f$ is regular but not even locally Lipschitz.
Presumably in the definition you mean that each interval contains more than one point, because if ${a}=[a,a]$ counts as an "interval" then every function is regular. Assuming so, then no, $f''$ continuous does not imply that $f$ is regular: Let $$g(t)=begin{cases}tsin(1/t),&(tne0),
\0,&(t=0).end{cases}$$ Then $g$ is continuous, there exists $f$ with $f''=g$, but $f$ is not concave or convex on any interval containing the origin, because $f''$ changes sign on any such interval.
I doubt that the sort of characterization you want exists.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
add a comment |
$begingroup$
No, a regular function need not be Lipschitz. Consider $f(t)=t^2$. Of course that's "locally Lipschitz", meaning Lipschitz when restricted to any compact interval. If $f(t)=|t|^{1/2}$ then $f$ is regular but not even locally Lipschitz.
Presumably in the definition you mean that each interval contains more than one point, because if ${a}=[a,a]$ counts as an "interval" then every function is regular. Assuming so, then no, $f''$ continuous does not imply that $f$ is regular: Let $$g(t)=begin{cases}tsin(1/t),&(tne0),
\0,&(t=0).end{cases}$$ Then $g$ is continuous, there exists $f$ with $f''=g$, but $f$ is not concave or convex on any interval containing the origin, because $f''$ changes sign on any such interval.
I doubt that the sort of characterization you want exists.
$endgroup$
No, a regular function need not be Lipschitz. Consider $f(t)=t^2$. Of course that's "locally Lipschitz", meaning Lipschitz when restricted to any compact interval. If $f(t)=|t|^{1/2}$ then $f$ is regular but not even locally Lipschitz.
Presumably in the definition you mean that each interval contains more than one point, because if ${a}=[a,a]$ counts as an "interval" then every function is regular. Assuming so, then no, $f''$ continuous does not imply that $f$ is regular: Let $$g(t)=begin{cases}tsin(1/t),&(tne0),
\0,&(t=0).end{cases}$$ Then $g$ is continuous, there exists $f$ with $f''=g$, but $f$ is not concave or convex on any interval containing the origin, because $f''$ changes sign on any such interval.
I doubt that the sort of characterization you want exists.
answered Dec 26 '18 at 15:44
David C. UllrichDavid C. Ullrich
61.7k44095
61.7k44095
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
$begingroup$
Thank you Daivd for your intuitive answer. Is monotonicity (quasilinearty) a sufficient condition? My intuition is no but I can't tell why.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 22:11
1
1
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
$begingroup$
@HighGPA Montonicity is certainly not sufficient.. I don't know what you mean by "monotonicity (quasilinearty)".
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 27 '18 at 1:14
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An absolutely continuous function is differentiable a.e. but only once. A convex function in $I_k$ has an increasing derivative at all but countably many points and so it is differentiable twice a.e. So a "regular" function must be differentiable at all but countably many points in the interior of the $I_k$ and the second derivative has to exist a.e. in the interior of the $I_k$.
So the equivalence is false. I don't know what family of functions would be equivalent to regular.
Definitely polynomials and very smooth functions, but it is not an iff.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An absolutely continuous function is differentiable a.e. but only once. A convex function in $I_k$ has an increasing derivative at all but countably many points and so it is differentiable twice a.e. So a "regular" function must be differentiable at all but countably many points in the interior of the $I_k$ and the second derivative has to exist a.e. in the interior of the $I_k$.
So the equivalence is false. I don't know what family of functions would be equivalent to regular.
Definitely polynomials and very smooth functions, but it is not an iff.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An absolutely continuous function is differentiable a.e. but only once. A convex function in $I_k$ has an increasing derivative at all but countably many points and so it is differentiable twice a.e. So a "regular" function must be differentiable at all but countably many points in the interior of the $I_k$ and the second derivative has to exist a.e. in the interior of the $I_k$.
So the equivalence is false. I don't know what family of functions would be equivalent to regular.
Definitely polynomials and very smooth functions, but it is not an iff.
$endgroup$
An absolutely continuous function is differentiable a.e. but only once. A convex function in $I_k$ has an increasing derivative at all but countably many points and so it is differentiable twice a.e. So a "regular" function must be differentiable at all but countably many points in the interior of the $I_k$ and the second derivative has to exist a.e. in the interior of the $I_k$.
So the equivalence is false. I don't know what family of functions would be equivalent to regular.
Definitely polynomials and very smooth functions, but it is not an iff.
edited Dec 27 '18 at 7:20
answered Dec 26 '18 at 8:50
Gio67Gio67
12.8k1627
12.8k1627
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Thank you for your kind answer! Define $int$ as interior, then $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be the complement of fat-Cantor set so the Lebesgue measure of $cup_k int(I_k)$ could be arbitrarily close to zero. That is, a regular function is not necessarily differentiable almost every where. Note the $K$ is an arbitrary set not a countable set. Not sure if my understanding is correct. Feel free to teach me anything. Thank you again for your kin interests.
$endgroup$
– High GPA
Dec 26 '18 at 21:43
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
$begingroup$
Yes, what I wrote is valid only in the interior of the intervals $I_k$. I edited my answer.
$endgroup$
– Gio67
Dec 27 '18 at 7:21
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3052729%2fa-lipschitz-function-must-has-a-set-of-intervals-s-t-cup-ki-k-mathbb-r-and%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown