Question about the proto-Germanic root hampijaną
This question came as I analyzed the origin of the english words "happy" and "happen" and after my research i found the reconstructed proto-germanic root "hampijaną". However i found that this root only appears in the North Germanic languages and was probably adopted into english from Old Norse. Is it common for some roots to be adopted only in one of the germanic branches?How come it completely disappeared in western germanic languages such as German,Dutch,Low Saxon etc.?
historical-linguistics
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
add a comment |
This question came as I analyzed the origin of the english words "happy" and "happen" and after my research i found the reconstructed proto-germanic root "hampijaną". However i found that this root only appears in the North Germanic languages and was probably adopted into english from Old Norse. Is it common for some roots to be adopted only in one of the germanic branches?How come it completely disappeared in western germanic languages such as German,Dutch,Low Saxon etc.?
historical-linguistics
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
add a comment |
This question came as I analyzed the origin of the english words "happy" and "happen" and after my research i found the reconstructed proto-germanic root "hampijaną". However i found that this root only appears in the North Germanic languages and was probably adopted into english from Old Norse. Is it common for some roots to be adopted only in one of the germanic branches?How come it completely disappeared in western germanic languages such as German,Dutch,Low Saxon etc.?
historical-linguistics
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
This question came as I analyzed the origin of the english words "happy" and "happen" and after my research i found the reconstructed proto-germanic root "hampijaną". However i found that this root only appears in the North Germanic languages and was probably adopted into english from Old Norse. Is it common for some roots to be adopted only in one of the germanic branches?How come it completely disappeared in western germanic languages such as German,Dutch,Low Saxon etc.?
historical-linguistics
historical-linguistics
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:24
Midas
1,845715
1,845715
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
asked Dec 30 '18 at 13:25
X30MarcoX30Marco
4617
4617
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
Words die out and become replaced by neologisms at any time. When it happens shortly after a major fork into branches we see only one branch retaining the original word.
It is not really uncommon to find attestations of a certain word only in some sub-branch of a language family, both North Germanic and West Germanic have words that are absent from the other branch.
EDIT: For the definition of a branch, shared innovations (neologisms, sound shifts, grammatical innovations) are necessary. Therefore we see new words (of whatever origin, e.g., composition, loan words, new inventions) in each of the branches as well.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
add a comment |
“Happy” and “happen” were both formed within English from the noun “hap” (good fortune). The OED (Oxford English Dictionary, on-line version) indicates the etymology of “hap” as follows:
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic happ
(neuter) chance, good luck, success (Icelandic happ), and Norwegian
happ, Swedish regional happ, both masculine), cognate with Norwegian
heppa to happen, Old Danish hap (adjective) lucky, Swedish hampa
(reflexive) to happen (by chance), (regional) happa, habba to happen,
succeed, Danish happe, and further with Old English gehæp (adjective)
suitable, convenient, gehæplic (adjective) convenient, orderly,
probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cob victory
(rare) and Old Church Slavonic kobĭ destiny.
If the Celtic and Slavic parallels are correct, it follows that this root is not restricted to North Germanic, but has to be ascribed to proto-Indo-European. Obviously, it has not been preserved in all branches of IE, or even all branches of Germanic. But this is the way that languages work.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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active
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2 Answers
2
active
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Words die out and become replaced by neologisms at any time. When it happens shortly after a major fork into branches we see only one branch retaining the original word.
It is not really uncommon to find attestations of a certain word only in some sub-branch of a language family, both North Germanic and West Germanic have words that are absent from the other branch.
EDIT: For the definition of a branch, shared innovations (neologisms, sound shifts, grammatical innovations) are necessary. Therefore we see new words (of whatever origin, e.g., composition, loan words, new inventions) in each of the branches as well.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
add a comment |
Words die out and become replaced by neologisms at any time. When it happens shortly after a major fork into branches we see only one branch retaining the original word.
It is not really uncommon to find attestations of a certain word only in some sub-branch of a language family, both North Germanic and West Germanic have words that are absent from the other branch.
EDIT: For the definition of a branch, shared innovations (neologisms, sound shifts, grammatical innovations) are necessary. Therefore we see new words (of whatever origin, e.g., composition, loan words, new inventions) in each of the branches as well.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
add a comment |
Words die out and become replaced by neologisms at any time. When it happens shortly after a major fork into branches we see only one branch retaining the original word.
It is not really uncommon to find attestations of a certain word only in some sub-branch of a language family, both North Germanic and West Germanic have words that are absent from the other branch.
EDIT: For the definition of a branch, shared innovations (neologisms, sound shifts, grammatical innovations) are necessary. Therefore we see new words (of whatever origin, e.g., composition, loan words, new inventions) in each of the branches as well.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
Words die out and become replaced by neologisms at any time. When it happens shortly after a major fork into branches we see only one branch retaining the original word.
It is not really uncommon to find attestations of a certain word only in some sub-branch of a language family, both North Germanic and West Germanic have words that are absent from the other branch.
EDIT: For the definition of a branch, shared innovations (neologisms, sound shifts, grammatical innovations) are necessary. Therefore we see new words (of whatever origin, e.g., composition, loan words, new inventions) in each of the branches as well.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:31
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:15
jknappenjknappen
11.8k22854
11.8k22854
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
add a comment |
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
1
1
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
You might also mention that new words can be picked up by only one branch, either as loans or neologisms. (Though that doesn't seem to be what happened here.)
– Draconis
Dec 30 '18 at 16:20
add a comment |
“Happy” and “happen” were both formed within English from the noun “hap” (good fortune). The OED (Oxford English Dictionary, on-line version) indicates the etymology of “hap” as follows:
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic happ
(neuter) chance, good luck, success (Icelandic happ), and Norwegian
happ, Swedish regional happ, both masculine), cognate with Norwegian
heppa to happen, Old Danish hap (adjective) lucky, Swedish hampa
(reflexive) to happen (by chance), (regional) happa, habba to happen,
succeed, Danish happe, and further with Old English gehæp (adjective)
suitable, convenient, gehæplic (adjective) convenient, orderly,
probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cob victory
(rare) and Old Church Slavonic kobĭ destiny.
If the Celtic and Slavic parallels are correct, it follows that this root is not restricted to North Germanic, but has to be ascribed to proto-Indo-European. Obviously, it has not been preserved in all branches of IE, or even all branches of Germanic. But this is the way that languages work.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
add a comment |
“Happy” and “happen” were both formed within English from the noun “hap” (good fortune). The OED (Oxford English Dictionary, on-line version) indicates the etymology of “hap” as follows:
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic happ
(neuter) chance, good luck, success (Icelandic happ), and Norwegian
happ, Swedish regional happ, both masculine), cognate with Norwegian
heppa to happen, Old Danish hap (adjective) lucky, Swedish hampa
(reflexive) to happen (by chance), (regional) happa, habba to happen,
succeed, Danish happe, and further with Old English gehæp (adjective)
suitable, convenient, gehæplic (adjective) convenient, orderly,
probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cob victory
(rare) and Old Church Slavonic kobĭ destiny.
If the Celtic and Slavic parallels are correct, it follows that this root is not restricted to North Germanic, but has to be ascribed to proto-Indo-European. Obviously, it has not been preserved in all branches of IE, or even all branches of Germanic. But this is the way that languages work.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
add a comment |
“Happy” and “happen” were both formed within English from the noun “hap” (good fortune). The OED (Oxford English Dictionary, on-line version) indicates the etymology of “hap” as follows:
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic happ
(neuter) chance, good luck, success (Icelandic happ), and Norwegian
happ, Swedish regional happ, both masculine), cognate with Norwegian
heppa to happen, Old Danish hap (adjective) lucky, Swedish hampa
(reflexive) to happen (by chance), (regional) happa, habba to happen,
succeed, Danish happe, and further with Old English gehæp (adjective)
suitable, convenient, gehæplic (adjective) convenient, orderly,
probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cob victory
(rare) and Old Church Slavonic kobĭ destiny.
If the Celtic and Slavic parallels are correct, it follows that this root is not restricted to North Germanic, but has to be ascribed to proto-Indo-European. Obviously, it has not been preserved in all branches of IE, or even all branches of Germanic. But this is the way that languages work.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
“Happy” and “happen” were both formed within English from the noun “hap” (good fortune). The OED (Oxford English Dictionary, on-line version) indicates the etymology of “hap” as follows:
Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic happ
(neuter) chance, good luck, success (Icelandic happ), and Norwegian
happ, Swedish regional happ, both masculine), cognate with Norwegian
heppa to happen, Old Danish hap (adjective) lucky, Swedish hampa
(reflexive) to happen (by chance), (regional) happa, habba to happen,
succeed, Danish happe, and further with Old English gehæp (adjective)
suitable, convenient, gehæplic (adjective) convenient, orderly,
probably < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish cob victory
(rare) and Old Church Slavonic kobĭ destiny.
If the Celtic and Slavic parallels are correct, it follows that this root is not restricted to North Germanic, but has to be ascribed to proto-Indo-European. Obviously, it has not been preserved in all branches of IE, or even all branches of Germanic. But this is the way that languages work.
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
answered Dec 30 '18 at 15:54
fdbfdb
16.8k12145
16.8k12145
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
add a comment |
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
1
1
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
Compare hope, as in "there's hope/there's a chance".
– vectory
Dec 30 '18 at 16:33
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
@vectory Interesting correlation.Is it just your guess?
– X30Marco
Dec 30 '18 at 16:46
1
1
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
"Hope" is not related to "hap".
– fdb
Dec 30 '18 at 23:11
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
@fdb, I guess the roots kep- and kewp-~kwep- allow internal reconstruction? cp. to hop PIE kewb-, "vor Freude hüpfen". Ger. *Hampelmann, which is amusing. It's derived from a cross of ampeln (?), hüpfen "to hop" and humpeln "to hunch, limp"; cp. Ampel "traffic light, lantern" derives from ampulla, amphora; Does that remind of euphoria! Which reminds of good news or evangelion, Ger. Hoffnungsschimmer "gleam of hope (on the horizon)". The gloss "to smoke, boil" for kewp- reminds of *roast, happening. cp. rise, spring, Ger. Sprung "jump, move, fissure", bring.
– vectory
Jan 1 at 21:53
add a comment |
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