Why isn't $i * i = 1$? [duplicate]
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This question already has an answer here:
Why $sqrt{-1 times {-1}} neq sqrt{-1}^2$?
9 answers
When we studied complex numbers they told us that $i * i = -1$ because $i = sqrt -1$ and
$i * i = i^2$, so the square removes the root.
However we can say as well that $i * i = sqrt {-1} * sqrt {-1} = sqrt {-1 * -1} = sqrt 1 = 1$.
In any case both are valid math, right?
Why can't I follow the second reasoming?!
complex-numbers roots
marked as duplicate by Adrian Keister, Xander Henderson, Arthur, rschwieb, Key Flex Nov 20 at 17:57
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
This question already has an answer here:
Why $sqrt{-1 times {-1}} neq sqrt{-1}^2$?
9 answers
When we studied complex numbers they told us that $i * i = -1$ because $i = sqrt -1$ and
$i * i = i^2$, so the square removes the root.
However we can say as well that $i * i = sqrt {-1} * sqrt {-1} = sqrt {-1 * -1} = sqrt 1 = 1$.
In any case both are valid math, right?
Why can't I follow the second reasoming?!
complex-numbers roots
marked as duplicate by Adrian Keister, Xander Henderson, Arthur, rschwieb, Key Flex Nov 20 at 17:57
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
1
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
This question already has an answer here:
Why $sqrt{-1 times {-1}} neq sqrt{-1}^2$?
9 answers
When we studied complex numbers they told us that $i * i = -1$ because $i = sqrt -1$ and
$i * i = i^2$, so the square removes the root.
However we can say as well that $i * i = sqrt {-1} * sqrt {-1} = sqrt {-1 * -1} = sqrt 1 = 1$.
In any case both are valid math, right?
Why can't I follow the second reasoming?!
complex-numbers roots
This question already has an answer here:
Why $sqrt{-1 times {-1}} neq sqrt{-1}^2$?
9 answers
When we studied complex numbers they told us that $i * i = -1$ because $i = sqrt -1$ and
$i * i = i^2$, so the square removes the root.
However we can say as well that $i * i = sqrt {-1} * sqrt {-1} = sqrt {-1 * -1} = sqrt 1 = 1$.
In any case both are valid math, right?
Why can't I follow the second reasoming?!
This question already has an answer here:
Why $sqrt{-1 times {-1}} neq sqrt{-1}^2$?
9 answers
complex-numbers roots
complex-numbers roots
edited Nov 20 at 17:57
Monstrous Moonshiner
2,25511337
2,25511337
asked Nov 20 at 17:41
Raafat Abualazm
1
1
marked as duplicate by Adrian Keister, Xander Henderson, Arthur, rschwieb, Key Flex Nov 20 at 17:57
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
marked as duplicate by Adrian Keister, Xander Henderson, Arthur, rschwieb, Key Flex Nov 20 at 17:57
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
1
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45
add a comment |
1
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45
1
1
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
You've learned the wrong definition of $i$. The true definition of $i$ is that $icdot i=-1$, and that's it. No $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ in sight.
In fact, in my opinion, $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ doesn't belong at all when dealing with complex numbers, and should be avoided whenever possible. For one thing because it isn't well-defined in any canonical way, and for another because even if you try to define it, you lose many of the properties of square roots that you usually take for granted, like $sqrt{ab}=sqrt asqrt b$.
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
To be precise,
you are right to state $icdot i=i^2=-1$, which is essentially a definition of $i$;
$i=sqrt{-1}$ is acceptable provided you acknowledge to use the "principal branch" of the complex square root (another possible choice is $i=-sqrt{-1}$);
$(sqrt{-1})^2=-1$ also works, by definition of the square root;
$sqrt{-1}sqrt{-1}=sqrt{(-1)(-1)}$ is wrong, because the principal square root does not enjoy the property $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$;
- finally, $sqrt1=1$ remains true.
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
|
show 1 more comment
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
You've learned the wrong definition of $i$. The true definition of $i$ is that $icdot i=-1$, and that's it. No $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ in sight.
In fact, in my opinion, $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ doesn't belong at all when dealing with complex numbers, and should be avoided whenever possible. For one thing because it isn't well-defined in any canonical way, and for another because even if you try to define it, you lose many of the properties of square roots that you usually take for granted, like $sqrt{ab}=sqrt asqrt b$.
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
You've learned the wrong definition of $i$. The true definition of $i$ is that $icdot i=-1$, and that's it. No $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ in sight.
In fact, in my opinion, $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ doesn't belong at all when dealing with complex numbers, and should be avoided whenever possible. For one thing because it isn't well-defined in any canonical way, and for another because even if you try to define it, you lose many of the properties of square roots that you usually take for granted, like $sqrt{ab}=sqrt asqrt b$.
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
up vote
3
down vote
You've learned the wrong definition of $i$. The true definition of $i$ is that $icdot i=-1$, and that's it. No $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ in sight.
In fact, in my opinion, $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ doesn't belong at all when dealing with complex numbers, and should be avoided whenever possible. For one thing because it isn't well-defined in any canonical way, and for another because even if you try to define it, you lose many of the properties of square roots that you usually take for granted, like $sqrt{ab}=sqrt asqrt b$.
You've learned the wrong definition of $i$. The true definition of $i$ is that $icdot i=-1$, and that's it. No $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ in sight.
In fact, in my opinion, $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ doesn't belong at all when dealing with complex numbers, and should be avoided whenever possible. For one thing because it isn't well-defined in any canonical way, and for another because even if you try to define it, you lose many of the properties of square roots that you usually take for granted, like $sqrt{ab}=sqrt asqrt b$.
edited Nov 20 at 17:49
answered Nov 20 at 17:42
Arthur
109k7103186
109k7103186
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
add a comment |
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
So when they first thought of i it was a hack to solve x^2 + 1 = 0. Why my textbook then says that i = √-1
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:05
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
@RaafatAbualazam Mathematicians first came face to face with complex numbers during intermediate calculations when solving cubic equations. And they would appear as $sqrt{-15}$ and similar. So historically, $sqrt{-1}$ was first. But the current formal definition is closer to "a hack to solve x^2+1=0", yes. And your textbook (as well as every introductory textbook ever) says $i=sqrt{-1}$ because they think that's easier for students to understand. It looks somewhat more concrete than $i^2=-1$, but it leads directly to questions and misunderstandings like yours.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:49
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
I see what you are implying here. i is its own number and roots properties aren't the same.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:12
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
To be precise,
you are right to state $icdot i=i^2=-1$, which is essentially a definition of $i$;
$i=sqrt{-1}$ is acceptable provided you acknowledge to use the "principal branch" of the complex square root (another possible choice is $i=-sqrt{-1}$);
$(sqrt{-1})^2=-1$ also works, by definition of the square root;
$sqrt{-1}sqrt{-1}=sqrt{(-1)(-1)}$ is wrong, because the principal square root does not enjoy the property $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$;
- finally, $sqrt1=1$ remains true.
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
0
down vote
To be precise,
you are right to state $icdot i=i^2=-1$, which is essentially a definition of $i$;
$i=sqrt{-1}$ is acceptable provided you acknowledge to use the "principal branch" of the complex square root (another possible choice is $i=-sqrt{-1}$);
$(sqrt{-1})^2=-1$ also works, by definition of the square root;
$sqrt{-1}sqrt{-1}=sqrt{(-1)(-1)}$ is wrong, because the principal square root does not enjoy the property $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$;
- finally, $sqrt1=1$ remains true.
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
To be precise,
you are right to state $icdot i=i^2=-1$, which is essentially a definition of $i$;
$i=sqrt{-1}$ is acceptable provided you acknowledge to use the "principal branch" of the complex square root (another possible choice is $i=-sqrt{-1}$);
$(sqrt{-1})^2=-1$ also works, by definition of the square root;
$sqrt{-1}sqrt{-1}=sqrt{(-1)(-1)}$ is wrong, because the principal square root does not enjoy the property $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$;
- finally, $sqrt1=1$ remains true.
To be precise,
you are right to state $icdot i=i^2=-1$, which is essentially a definition of $i$;
$i=sqrt{-1}$ is acceptable provided you acknowledge to use the "principal branch" of the complex square root (another possible choice is $i=-sqrt{-1}$);
$(sqrt{-1})^2=-1$ also works, by definition of the square root;
$sqrt{-1}sqrt{-1}=sqrt{(-1)(-1)}$ is wrong, because the principal square root does not enjoy the property $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$;
- finally, $sqrt1=1$ remains true.
answered Nov 20 at 17:54
Yves Daoust
122k668218
122k668218
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
|
show 1 more comment
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
Why then √a √b != √ab. How come power can't be distributed over multiplied numbers. I have seen weird explanations online, I just can't understand them.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 6:02
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazam Why? Because your calculation showing $-1=1$ can't possibly be true, and $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$ was the only non-definition assumption you used. So if we want all the definitions (like what multiplication means, what $-1$ means, what $sqrt{phantom{-1}}$ means and what $i$ means) to exist and make sense, then we cannot have $sqrt asqrt b=sqrt{ab}$.
– Arthur
Nov 21 at 6:56
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@RaafatAbualazm: a property is false until you have proven it true. For instance, regarding the product of matrices, $abne ba$. Don't take for granted that properties of the reals carry over to other objects.
– Yves Daoust
Nov 21 at 9:09
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
@Arthur I saw that I was doing wonders with math, but I did not understand why.
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:14
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
Also one thing. Why can we take the -1 in or out of the root as we like but the identity is false. √-6 = √-1 √6, but √ab != √a √b, if not a,b >= 0. Must a and b be greater than zero or one being more than would suffice?
– Raafat Abualazm
Nov 21 at 19:19
|
show 1 more comment
1
No, this is not valid math. In the first place because there is no real number such that $r^2=-1$, so that nothing allows you to generalize the calculation rules for reals to this "beast".
– Yves Daoust
Nov 20 at 17:45