Show that $hat{f}$ is continuous and $hat{f(xi)}rightarrow 0 $ as $|xi|rightarrow 0$
$begingroup$
Suppose $f$ continuous and of moderate decrease. Denote the Fourier Transform of $f$ by $hat{f}$. I need to prove that $hat{f}$ is continuous and $hat{f(xi)}rightarrow 0 $ as $|xi|rightarrow 0$.
For the first part, I'm thinking to show that $|hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|$ goes to zero when $h$ goes to zero. So, I have
$$ |hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|=left|int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ix(xi+h)}dx-int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ixxi}dx right| $$
$$leqint_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)|left|e^{-2pi ixxi}right|left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|dx $$
If $hrightarrow 0$, so $e^{-2pi ixh}rightarrow 1$, and this implies $left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|rightarrow 0$. So, the integral goes to zero and $hat{f}$ is continuous.
Is this proof correct?
For the second part, the hint is to prove the following statement:
$$hat{f}(xi)=frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx $$
If that is true, when $|xi|rightarrow 0$, $fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)rightarrow f(x)$, and it implies $hat{f}(xi)rightarrow 0$. So, I just need to prove that statement.
All that I have is:
$$frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)-frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx$$
So, prove the statement is equivalent to prove that
$$int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=-frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)$$
How can I prove that?
fourier-analysis fourier-transform
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Suppose $f$ continuous and of moderate decrease. Denote the Fourier Transform of $f$ by $hat{f}$. I need to prove that $hat{f}$ is continuous and $hat{f(xi)}rightarrow 0 $ as $|xi|rightarrow 0$.
For the first part, I'm thinking to show that $|hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|$ goes to zero when $h$ goes to zero. So, I have
$$ |hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|=left|int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ix(xi+h)}dx-int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ixxi}dx right| $$
$$leqint_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)|left|e^{-2pi ixxi}right|left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|dx $$
If $hrightarrow 0$, so $e^{-2pi ixh}rightarrow 1$, and this implies $left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|rightarrow 0$. So, the integral goes to zero and $hat{f}$ is continuous.
Is this proof correct?
For the second part, the hint is to prove the following statement:
$$hat{f}(xi)=frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx $$
If that is true, when $|xi|rightarrow 0$, $fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)rightarrow f(x)$, and it implies $hat{f}(xi)rightarrow 0$. So, I just need to prove that statement.
All that I have is:
$$frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)-frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx$$
So, prove the statement is equivalent to prove that
$$int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=-frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)$$
How can I prove that?
fourier-analysis fourier-transform
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Suppose $f$ continuous and of moderate decrease. Denote the Fourier Transform of $f$ by $hat{f}$. I need to prove that $hat{f}$ is continuous and $hat{f(xi)}rightarrow 0 $ as $|xi|rightarrow 0$.
For the first part, I'm thinking to show that $|hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|$ goes to zero when $h$ goes to zero. So, I have
$$ |hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|=left|int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ix(xi+h)}dx-int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ixxi}dx right| $$
$$leqint_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)|left|e^{-2pi ixxi}right|left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|dx $$
If $hrightarrow 0$, so $e^{-2pi ixh}rightarrow 1$, and this implies $left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|rightarrow 0$. So, the integral goes to zero and $hat{f}$ is continuous.
Is this proof correct?
For the second part, the hint is to prove the following statement:
$$hat{f}(xi)=frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx $$
If that is true, when $|xi|rightarrow 0$, $fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)rightarrow f(x)$, and it implies $hat{f}(xi)rightarrow 0$. So, I just need to prove that statement.
All that I have is:
$$frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)-frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx$$
So, prove the statement is equivalent to prove that
$$int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=-frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)$$
How can I prove that?
fourier-analysis fourier-transform
$endgroup$
Suppose $f$ continuous and of moderate decrease. Denote the Fourier Transform of $f$ by $hat{f}$. I need to prove that $hat{f}$ is continuous and $hat{f(xi)}rightarrow 0 $ as $|xi|rightarrow 0$.
For the first part, I'm thinking to show that $|hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|$ goes to zero when $h$ goes to zero. So, I have
$$ |hat{f}(xi+h)-hat{f}(xi)|=left|int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ix(xi+h)}dx-int_{mathbb{R}}f(x)e^{-2pi ixxi}dx right| $$
$$leqint_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)|left|e^{-2pi ixxi}right|left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|dx $$
If $hrightarrow 0$, so $e^{-2pi ixh}rightarrow 1$, and this implies $left|e^{-2pi ixh}-1right|rightarrow 0$. So, the integral goes to zero and $hat{f}$ is continuous.
Is this proof correct?
For the second part, the hint is to prove the following statement:
$$hat{f}(xi)=frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx $$
If that is true, when $|xi|rightarrow 0$, $fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)rightarrow f(x)$, and it implies $hat{f}(xi)rightarrow 0$. So, I just need to prove that statement.
All that I have is:
$$frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}left[f(x)-fleft(x-frac{1}{2xi}right)right]e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)-frac{1}{2}int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx$$
So, prove the statement is equivalent to prove that
$$int_{mathbb{R}}fleft(1-frac{1}{2xi}right)e^{-2pi i x xi}dx=-frac{1}{2}hat{f}(xi)$$
How can I prove that?
fourier-analysis fourier-transform
fourier-analysis fourier-transform
asked Dec 5 '18 at 1:53
Mateus RochaMateus Rocha
817117
817117
1
$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57
1
1
$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57
$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
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oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If by moderate decrease you mean that $int_{-infty}^infty |f(x)| , dx < infty$ then your proof of the first part is correct and the interchange of limit and integral is justified by the dominated convergence theorem.
For the second part, using the change of variables $x = u + dfrac{1}{2xi}$ we have, since $e^{-pi i} = -1$,
$$int_{-R}^R fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u}e^{-pi i} , du = -int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du, $$
Thus,
$$tag{*}int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = -lim_{Rto infty}int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du = -int_{-infty}^{infty} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du \ - hat{f}(xi)$$
Subtracting (*) from $displaystylehat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx $, we get
$$2hat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^infty fleft(xright) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx - int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx, $$
which implies
$$hat{f}(xi) = frac{1}{2} int_{-infty}^infty left[f(x) - fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right)right] e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
If by moderate decrease you mean that $int_{-infty}^infty |f(x)| , dx < infty$ then your proof of the first part is correct and the interchange of limit and integral is justified by the dominated convergence theorem.
For the second part, using the change of variables $x = u + dfrac{1}{2xi}$ we have, since $e^{-pi i} = -1$,
$$int_{-R}^R fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u}e^{-pi i} , du = -int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du, $$
Thus,
$$tag{*}int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = -lim_{Rto infty}int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du = -int_{-infty}^{infty} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du \ - hat{f}(xi)$$
Subtracting (*) from $displaystylehat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx $, we get
$$2hat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^infty fleft(xright) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx - int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx, $$
which implies
$$hat{f}(xi) = frac{1}{2} int_{-infty}^infty left[f(x) - fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right)right] e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If by moderate decrease you mean that $int_{-infty}^infty |f(x)| , dx < infty$ then your proof of the first part is correct and the interchange of limit and integral is justified by the dominated convergence theorem.
For the second part, using the change of variables $x = u + dfrac{1}{2xi}$ we have, since $e^{-pi i} = -1$,
$$int_{-R}^R fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u}e^{-pi i} , du = -int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du, $$
Thus,
$$tag{*}int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = -lim_{Rto infty}int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du = -int_{-infty}^{infty} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du \ - hat{f}(xi)$$
Subtracting (*) from $displaystylehat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx $, we get
$$2hat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^infty fleft(xright) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx - int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx, $$
which implies
$$hat{f}(xi) = frac{1}{2} int_{-infty}^infty left[f(x) - fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right)right] e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If by moderate decrease you mean that $int_{-infty}^infty |f(x)| , dx < infty$ then your proof of the first part is correct and the interchange of limit and integral is justified by the dominated convergence theorem.
For the second part, using the change of variables $x = u + dfrac{1}{2xi}$ we have, since $e^{-pi i} = -1$,
$$int_{-R}^R fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u}e^{-pi i} , du = -int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du, $$
Thus,
$$tag{*}int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = -lim_{Rto infty}int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du = -int_{-infty}^{infty} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du \ - hat{f}(xi)$$
Subtracting (*) from $displaystylehat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx $, we get
$$2hat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^infty fleft(xright) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx - int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx, $$
which implies
$$hat{f}(xi) = frac{1}{2} int_{-infty}^infty left[f(x) - fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right)right] e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx$$
$endgroup$
If by moderate decrease you mean that $int_{-infty}^infty |f(x)| , dx < infty$ then your proof of the first part is correct and the interchange of limit and integral is justified by the dominated convergence theorem.
For the second part, using the change of variables $x = u + dfrac{1}{2xi}$ we have, since $e^{-pi i} = -1$,
$$int_{-R}^R fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u}e^{-pi i} , du = -int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du, $$
Thus,
$$tag{*}int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx = -lim_{Rto infty}int_{-R-frac{1}{2xi}}^{R- frac{1}{2xi}} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du = -int_{-infty}^{infty} f(u) e^{-2pi i xi u} , du \ - hat{f}(xi)$$
Subtracting (*) from $displaystylehat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx $, we get
$$2hat{f}(xi) = int_{-infty}^infty fleft(xright) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx - int_{-infty}^infty fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right) e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx, $$
which implies
$$hat{f}(xi) = frac{1}{2} int_{-infty}^infty left[f(x) - fleft(x- frac{1}{2xi}right)right] e^{-2pi i xi x} , dx$$
answered Dec 5 '18 at 6:53
RRLRRL
50.5k42573
50.5k42573
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
add a comment |
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
My definition to Moderate decrease is: Exists $A>0$ such that $|f(x)|leqfrac{A}{1+x^2}$ for all $xinmathbb{R}$. That definition implies yours?
$endgroup$
– Mateus Rocha
Dec 5 '18 at 14:04
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
$begingroup$
@MateusRocha: Yes that implies that $f$ is absolutely integrable, a sufficient condition for the Fourier transform to exist and be uniformly continuous. Note that $int_{mathbb{R}} |f(x)| , dx leqslant int_{mathbb{R}} frac{A}{1 +x^2}, dx = Api < infty$. Then everything above works out well.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 5 '18 at 14:10
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Please be careful about commuting limits and integrals, as the answer below notes, this is justified here by DCT
$endgroup$
– qbert
Dec 5 '18 at 6:57