How to find a basis of eigenvectors??












-4












$begingroup$


DISCLAIMER ! THIS IS NOT A DUPLICATE OF MY OTHER QUESTIONS. THE QUESTION I AM ASKING NOW ONLY TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION THE SAME MATRIX I HAVE USED IN OTHER QUESTIONS. THAT'S IT.



So i have this matrix



A= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-2 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 1 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -2 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



We compute the characteristic polynomial



p(λ) = det(A − λId) = (λ + 2)²· (1 − λ)



which gives me two roots namely λ1 = −2 of multiplicity 2, and λ2 = 1 of multiplicity 1.



First of all , I solve the homogeneous system associated with A + 2Id which gives us



Nul(A+2Id)=Span $$
begin{pmatrix}
2 & -1 \
0 & 1 \
1 & 0 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



I know how to solve the system associated with A+2Id since the matrix i get by doing (A+2Id) is pretty simple (there are two 0 rows) and the homogeneous equation associated with it is x+y-2z=0



However my confusion arises when , in order to find a basis of eigenvectors, I need to compute E(λ2), so we need to solve the homogeneous system associated with(A − Id).



I do not now how to go on from here.



Computing A-Id (please correct me if im wrong, since A-1(Id)=A-Id), gives me the matrix



A-Id= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-3 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 0 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -3 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



How do i proceed from here? On the answers sheet it says that Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0).



Should i compute the characteristic polynomial of the (A-Id) matrix? How do i do that ? Is that the right way to do that?



Please if anybody can show me some simple and clear steps on how to get



Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0) and tell me if what I'm doing is right! Thanks!










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    How come ? where did i do it wrong
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:19












  • $begingroup$
    I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:20






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
    $endgroup$
    – Ingix
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:29
















-4












$begingroup$


DISCLAIMER ! THIS IS NOT A DUPLICATE OF MY OTHER QUESTIONS. THE QUESTION I AM ASKING NOW ONLY TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION THE SAME MATRIX I HAVE USED IN OTHER QUESTIONS. THAT'S IT.



So i have this matrix



A= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-2 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 1 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -2 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



We compute the characteristic polynomial



p(λ) = det(A − λId) = (λ + 2)²· (1 − λ)



which gives me two roots namely λ1 = −2 of multiplicity 2, and λ2 = 1 of multiplicity 1.



First of all , I solve the homogeneous system associated with A + 2Id which gives us



Nul(A+2Id)=Span $$
begin{pmatrix}
2 & -1 \
0 & 1 \
1 & 0 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



I know how to solve the system associated with A+2Id since the matrix i get by doing (A+2Id) is pretty simple (there are two 0 rows) and the homogeneous equation associated with it is x+y-2z=0



However my confusion arises when , in order to find a basis of eigenvectors, I need to compute E(λ2), so we need to solve the homogeneous system associated with(A − Id).



I do not now how to go on from here.



Computing A-Id (please correct me if im wrong, since A-1(Id)=A-Id), gives me the matrix



A-Id= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-3 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 0 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -3 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



How do i proceed from here? On the answers sheet it says that Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0).



Should i compute the characteristic polynomial of the (A-Id) matrix? How do i do that ? Is that the right way to do that?



Please if anybody can show me some simple and clear steps on how to get



Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0) and tell me if what I'm doing is right! Thanks!










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    How come ? where did i do it wrong
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:19












  • $begingroup$
    I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:20






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
    $endgroup$
    – Ingix
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:29














-4












-4








-4





$begingroup$


DISCLAIMER ! THIS IS NOT A DUPLICATE OF MY OTHER QUESTIONS. THE QUESTION I AM ASKING NOW ONLY TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION THE SAME MATRIX I HAVE USED IN OTHER QUESTIONS. THAT'S IT.



So i have this matrix



A= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-2 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 1 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -2 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



We compute the characteristic polynomial



p(λ) = det(A − λId) = (λ + 2)²· (1 − λ)



which gives me two roots namely λ1 = −2 of multiplicity 2, and λ2 = 1 of multiplicity 1.



First of all , I solve the homogeneous system associated with A + 2Id which gives us



Nul(A+2Id)=Span $$
begin{pmatrix}
2 & -1 \
0 & 1 \
1 & 0 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



I know how to solve the system associated with A+2Id since the matrix i get by doing (A+2Id) is pretty simple (there are two 0 rows) and the homogeneous equation associated with it is x+y-2z=0



However my confusion arises when , in order to find a basis of eigenvectors, I need to compute E(λ2), so we need to solve the homogeneous system associated with(A − Id).



I do not now how to go on from here.



Computing A-Id (please correct me if im wrong, since A-1(Id)=A-Id), gives me the matrix



A-Id= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-3 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 0 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -3 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



How do i proceed from here? On the answers sheet it says that Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0).



Should i compute the characteristic polynomial of the (A-Id) matrix? How do i do that ? Is that the right way to do that?



Please if anybody can show me some simple and clear steps on how to get



Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0) and tell me if what I'm doing is right! Thanks!










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




DISCLAIMER ! THIS IS NOT A DUPLICATE OF MY OTHER QUESTIONS. THE QUESTION I AM ASKING NOW ONLY TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION THE SAME MATRIX I HAVE USED IN OTHER QUESTIONS. THAT'S IT.



So i have this matrix



A= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-2 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 1 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -2 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



We compute the characteristic polynomial



p(λ) = det(A − λId) = (λ + 2)²· (1 − λ)



which gives me two roots namely λ1 = −2 of multiplicity 2, and λ2 = 1 of multiplicity 1.



First of all , I solve the homogeneous system associated with A + 2Id which gives us



Nul(A+2Id)=Span $$
begin{pmatrix}
2 & -1 \
0 & 1 \
1 & 0 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



I know how to solve the system associated with A+2Id since the matrix i get by doing (A+2Id) is pretty simple (there are two 0 rows) and the homogeneous equation associated with it is x+y-2z=0



However my confusion arises when , in order to find a basis of eigenvectors, I need to compute E(λ2), so we need to solve the homogeneous system associated with(A − Id).



I do not now how to go on from here.



Computing A-Id (please correct me if im wrong, since A-1(Id)=A-Id), gives me the matrix



A-Id= $$
begin{pmatrix}
-3 & 0 & 0 \
3 & 0 & -6 \
0 & 0 & -3 \
end{pmatrix}
$$



How do i proceed from here? On the answers sheet it says that Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0).



Should i compute the characteristic polynomial of the (A-Id) matrix? How do i do that ? Is that the right way to do that?



Please if anybody can show me some simple and clear steps on how to get



Nul(A − Id) = Span (column vector)= (0,1,0) and tell me if what I'm doing is right! Thanks!







linear-algebra matrices matrix-equations






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 2 '18 at 13:28







BM97

















asked Dec 2 '18 at 12:35









BM97BM97

758




758












  • $begingroup$
    You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    How come ? where did i do it wrong
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:19












  • $begingroup$
    I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:20






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
    $endgroup$
    – Ingix
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:29


















  • $begingroup$
    You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    How come ? where did i do it wrong
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
    $endgroup$
    – David C. Ullrich
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:19












  • $begingroup$
    I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:20






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
    $endgroup$
    – Ingix
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:29
















$begingroup$
You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02




$begingroup$
You calculated $A-I$ incorrectly.
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02












$begingroup$
How come ? where did i do it wrong
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02




$begingroup$
How come ? where did i do it wrong
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02












$begingroup$
Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 2 '18 at 13:19






$begingroup$
Come on now! I mean really - figuring out $A-I$ is not that hard. Do the subtraction again, carefully; what you get is not what you say $A-I$ is above.
$endgroup$
– David C. Ullrich
Dec 2 '18 at 13:19














$begingroup$
I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:20




$begingroup$
I did it again . On the second row i still got -6, but the user below got 6?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:20




1




1




$begingroup$
It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
$endgroup$
– Ingix
Dec 2 '18 at 13:29




$begingroup$
It seems you found the error, as you just edited it away.
$endgroup$
– Ingix
Dec 2 '18 at 13:29










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$

You put $A-I$ in reduced row echelon form:
$$begin{pmatrix}-3&0&0\3&0&-6\0&0&-3end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\1&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&1\0&0&0end{pmatrix}$$
so we have the equations
$$x=0,quad z=0.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:15










  • $begingroup$
    You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:36










  • $begingroup$
    Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:38










  • $begingroup$
    You're absolutely right.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:42













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1 Answer
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active

oldest

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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









1












$begingroup$

You put $A-I$ in reduced row echelon form:
$$begin{pmatrix}-3&0&0\3&0&-6\0&0&-3end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\1&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&1\0&0&0end{pmatrix}$$
so we have the equations
$$x=0,quad z=0.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:15










  • $begingroup$
    You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:36










  • $begingroup$
    Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:38










  • $begingroup$
    You're absolutely right.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:42


















1












$begingroup$

You put $A-I$ in reduced row echelon form:
$$begin{pmatrix}-3&0&0\3&0&-6\0&0&-3end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\1&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&1\0&0&0end{pmatrix}$$
so we have the equations
$$x=0,quad z=0.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:15










  • $begingroup$
    You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:36










  • $begingroup$
    Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:38










  • $begingroup$
    You're absolutely right.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:42
















1












1








1





$begingroup$

You put $A-I$ in reduced row echelon form:
$$begin{pmatrix}-3&0&0\3&0&-6\0&0&-3end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\1&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&1\0&0&0end{pmatrix}$$
so we have the equations
$$x=0,quad z=0.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



You put $A-I$ in reduced row echelon form:
$$begin{pmatrix}-3&0&0\3&0&-6\0&0&-3end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\1&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&-2\0&0&1end{pmatrix}rightsquigarrowbegin{pmatrix}1&0&0\0&0&1\0&0&0end{pmatrix}$$
so we have the equations
$$x=0,quad z=0.$$







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Dec 2 '18 at 13:37

























answered Dec 2 '18 at 12:45









BernardBernard

119k740113




119k740113












  • $begingroup$
    Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:15










  • $begingroup$
    You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:36










  • $begingroup$
    Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:38










  • $begingroup$
    You're absolutely right.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:42




















  • $begingroup$
    Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:02










  • $begingroup$
    Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:15










  • $begingroup$
    You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:36










  • $begingroup$
    Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
    $endgroup$
    – BM97
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:38










  • $begingroup$
    You're absolutely right.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Dec 2 '18 at 13:42


















$begingroup$
Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02




$begingroup$
Thanks ! What if i try to to it like this. From the matrix (A-Id) i can directly see that x=0 and z=0. This leaves me with the second row being 3(0)+y-6(0)=0. How do i solve for y which gives me as a y basis 1?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:02












$begingroup$
Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:15




$begingroup$
Shouldn't it be -6 on the second row? (-6-0)=-6
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:15












$begingroup$
You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Dec 2 '18 at 13:36




$begingroup$
You're right – a mistyping. I'll fix that.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Dec 2 '18 at 13:36












$begingroup$
Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:38




$begingroup$
Since y on the second equation is mutliplied by 0, can i say that it is a free variable as so equate it to 1?
$endgroup$
– BM97
Dec 2 '18 at 13:38












$begingroup$
You're absolutely right.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Dec 2 '18 at 13:42






$begingroup$
You're absolutely right.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Dec 2 '18 at 13:42




















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