Reasons for significantly lower than normal approach











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Not sure if this is going to be answerable to be honest, as I'm sort of asking for a bit of retroactive mind-reading! But here goes anyway!



I was driving along Clifton Drive North, Lytham Saint Annes, England on 17/11/18 (~3:30 pm if that matters) and I saw a plane approaching the adjacent Blackpool Airport at an exceptionally low altitude (not sure on model but looked like it might have been a Cessna 400-series). It's always hard to estimate altitude accurately (particularly given I was also driving at the time) but somewhere in the order of 200-300ft at the point it crossed over the road and descending (suffice it to say I was at least half expecting a crash!)



It was highly unusual - I've lived in the area for 5+ years, and travel that road frequently (typically at least 1-2 times a day and have been using the airport for even longer) and I've never seen a plane take that approach before. Here's the aerodrome chart for BPL:



CAA Aerodrome chart



Pretty much every plane I've ever been on (either flying or being flown) has approached and landed on runway 28 - even when coming from the west (e.g. coming from IOM) the approach has always been from the SW, bearing around 50° and then turning right to about 270-280° before descending to runway 28 to land.



As far as my limited knowledge allows I believe standard altitude for approach to BPL for this is 2000ft and there is not a cat in hell's chance that this plane was anywhere near that!



I think it is possible to land on runway 10 - but that the approach path for doing that is to be coming in from the east at 1600ft bearing 256-281° and flying over before turning right to 92° and descending. The OCA for this path is 450-1000 depending on aircraft category, it's distinctly possible that the plane was at 450 (as I mention above my altitude as estimate was based off Mk 1 eyeball from a moving car so unlikely to be especially accurate!) but curiously I'm 95% certain that the aircraft didn't pass over coming from the east, I had been on the road for a good few minutes and there's nothing that would have obscured my view of them doing so - and I must admit I'd been watching the sky quite closely as I'd spent a large amount of the drive musing that conditions were fantastic and wishing I'd booked myself a lesson for that afternoon!



The plot thickens in that probably less than a minute after the plane passed over a helicopter (reasonably large - probably a offshore-rig transport) flew over on roughly the same path, but if anything even lower!



So I was wondering whether there was some circumstance causing ATC to advise a different approach from typical and what that might be?



As I mention above conditions were fantastic wind was very slight (unusually so for Blackpool at this time of year!), visibility was great - sunny with light hazy cloud that was well above (would probably have said 10,000-12,000ft +). Could operations at WRT (~6 NMi to the SSE) have had an influence?










share|improve this question




























    up vote
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    favorite












    Not sure if this is going to be answerable to be honest, as I'm sort of asking for a bit of retroactive mind-reading! But here goes anyway!



    I was driving along Clifton Drive North, Lytham Saint Annes, England on 17/11/18 (~3:30 pm if that matters) and I saw a plane approaching the adjacent Blackpool Airport at an exceptionally low altitude (not sure on model but looked like it might have been a Cessna 400-series). It's always hard to estimate altitude accurately (particularly given I was also driving at the time) but somewhere in the order of 200-300ft at the point it crossed over the road and descending (suffice it to say I was at least half expecting a crash!)



    It was highly unusual - I've lived in the area for 5+ years, and travel that road frequently (typically at least 1-2 times a day and have been using the airport for even longer) and I've never seen a plane take that approach before. Here's the aerodrome chart for BPL:



    CAA Aerodrome chart



    Pretty much every plane I've ever been on (either flying or being flown) has approached and landed on runway 28 - even when coming from the west (e.g. coming from IOM) the approach has always been from the SW, bearing around 50° and then turning right to about 270-280° before descending to runway 28 to land.



    As far as my limited knowledge allows I believe standard altitude for approach to BPL for this is 2000ft and there is not a cat in hell's chance that this plane was anywhere near that!



    I think it is possible to land on runway 10 - but that the approach path for doing that is to be coming in from the east at 1600ft bearing 256-281° and flying over before turning right to 92° and descending. The OCA for this path is 450-1000 depending on aircraft category, it's distinctly possible that the plane was at 450 (as I mention above my altitude as estimate was based off Mk 1 eyeball from a moving car so unlikely to be especially accurate!) but curiously I'm 95% certain that the aircraft didn't pass over coming from the east, I had been on the road for a good few minutes and there's nothing that would have obscured my view of them doing so - and I must admit I'd been watching the sky quite closely as I'd spent a large amount of the drive musing that conditions were fantastic and wishing I'd booked myself a lesson for that afternoon!



    The plot thickens in that probably less than a minute after the plane passed over a helicopter (reasonably large - probably a offshore-rig transport) flew over on roughly the same path, but if anything even lower!



    So I was wondering whether there was some circumstance causing ATC to advise a different approach from typical and what that might be?



    As I mention above conditions were fantastic wind was very slight (unusually so for Blackpool at this time of year!), visibility was great - sunny with light hazy cloud that was well above (would probably have said 10,000-12,000ft +). Could operations at WRT (~6 NMi to the SSE) have had an influence?










    share|improve this question


























      up vote
      8
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      8
      down vote

      favorite











      Not sure if this is going to be answerable to be honest, as I'm sort of asking for a bit of retroactive mind-reading! But here goes anyway!



      I was driving along Clifton Drive North, Lytham Saint Annes, England on 17/11/18 (~3:30 pm if that matters) and I saw a plane approaching the adjacent Blackpool Airport at an exceptionally low altitude (not sure on model but looked like it might have been a Cessna 400-series). It's always hard to estimate altitude accurately (particularly given I was also driving at the time) but somewhere in the order of 200-300ft at the point it crossed over the road and descending (suffice it to say I was at least half expecting a crash!)



      It was highly unusual - I've lived in the area for 5+ years, and travel that road frequently (typically at least 1-2 times a day and have been using the airport for even longer) and I've never seen a plane take that approach before. Here's the aerodrome chart for BPL:



      CAA Aerodrome chart



      Pretty much every plane I've ever been on (either flying or being flown) has approached and landed on runway 28 - even when coming from the west (e.g. coming from IOM) the approach has always been from the SW, bearing around 50° and then turning right to about 270-280° before descending to runway 28 to land.



      As far as my limited knowledge allows I believe standard altitude for approach to BPL for this is 2000ft and there is not a cat in hell's chance that this plane was anywhere near that!



      I think it is possible to land on runway 10 - but that the approach path for doing that is to be coming in from the east at 1600ft bearing 256-281° and flying over before turning right to 92° and descending. The OCA for this path is 450-1000 depending on aircraft category, it's distinctly possible that the plane was at 450 (as I mention above my altitude as estimate was based off Mk 1 eyeball from a moving car so unlikely to be especially accurate!) but curiously I'm 95% certain that the aircraft didn't pass over coming from the east, I had been on the road for a good few minutes and there's nothing that would have obscured my view of them doing so - and I must admit I'd been watching the sky quite closely as I'd spent a large amount of the drive musing that conditions were fantastic and wishing I'd booked myself a lesson for that afternoon!



      The plot thickens in that probably less than a minute after the plane passed over a helicopter (reasonably large - probably a offshore-rig transport) flew over on roughly the same path, but if anything even lower!



      So I was wondering whether there was some circumstance causing ATC to advise a different approach from typical and what that might be?



      As I mention above conditions were fantastic wind was very slight (unusually so for Blackpool at this time of year!), visibility was great - sunny with light hazy cloud that was well above (would probably have said 10,000-12,000ft +). Could operations at WRT (~6 NMi to the SSE) have had an influence?










      share|improve this question















      Not sure if this is going to be answerable to be honest, as I'm sort of asking for a bit of retroactive mind-reading! But here goes anyway!



      I was driving along Clifton Drive North, Lytham Saint Annes, England on 17/11/18 (~3:30 pm if that matters) and I saw a plane approaching the adjacent Blackpool Airport at an exceptionally low altitude (not sure on model but looked like it might have been a Cessna 400-series). It's always hard to estimate altitude accurately (particularly given I was also driving at the time) but somewhere in the order of 200-300ft at the point it crossed over the road and descending (suffice it to say I was at least half expecting a crash!)



      It was highly unusual - I've lived in the area for 5+ years, and travel that road frequently (typically at least 1-2 times a day and have been using the airport for even longer) and I've never seen a plane take that approach before. Here's the aerodrome chart for BPL:



      CAA Aerodrome chart



      Pretty much every plane I've ever been on (either flying or being flown) has approached and landed on runway 28 - even when coming from the west (e.g. coming from IOM) the approach has always been from the SW, bearing around 50° and then turning right to about 270-280° before descending to runway 28 to land.



      As far as my limited knowledge allows I believe standard altitude for approach to BPL for this is 2000ft and there is not a cat in hell's chance that this plane was anywhere near that!



      I think it is possible to land on runway 10 - but that the approach path for doing that is to be coming in from the east at 1600ft bearing 256-281° and flying over before turning right to 92° and descending. The OCA for this path is 450-1000 depending on aircraft category, it's distinctly possible that the plane was at 450 (as I mention above my altitude as estimate was based off Mk 1 eyeball from a moving car so unlikely to be especially accurate!) but curiously I'm 95% certain that the aircraft didn't pass over coming from the east, I had been on the road for a good few minutes and there's nothing that would have obscured my view of them doing so - and I must admit I'd been watching the sky quite closely as I'd spent a large amount of the drive musing that conditions were fantastic and wishing I'd booked myself a lesson for that afternoon!



      The plot thickens in that probably less than a minute after the plane passed over a helicopter (reasonably large - probably a offshore-rig transport) flew over on roughly the same path, but if anything even lower!



      So I was wondering whether there was some circumstance causing ATC to advise a different approach from typical and what that might be?



      As I mention above conditions were fantastic wind was very slight (unusually so for Blackpool at this time of year!), visibility was great - sunny with light hazy cloud that was well above (would probably have said 10,000-12,000ft +). Could operations at WRT (~6 NMi to the SSE) have had an influence?







      air-traffic-control airport






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      edited yesterday









      David Richerby

      9,48933476




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      asked yesterday









      motosubatsu

      2036




      2036






















          3 Answers
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          up vote
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          down vote



          accepted










          The winds were coming from dead East 090°: See METAR, at >15kts. This strongly favours a landing on runway 10. The predominant winds in Blackpool are from the West, which may be why this is unusual to you.



          The approach you mention is just one of the possibilities. The charts also give the option to approach directly from the West. Outside of the published approaches, one could imagine that ATC vectored the Cessna in on a quicker path to beat the incoming helicopter.






          share|improve this answer

















          • 1




            Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday


















          up vote
          6
          down vote













          The low approach was likely due to the layout of the airfield, which has all the parking, pumps, on the north west corner of it. Also, once you're halfway down the runway there's no taxiways from the east half of the runway. 28/10 is 1870 meters (6135 feet) long and a light single probably needs 300-400 meters of it to stop. If the pilot landed 1/3 down the runway and then took 400 meters to stop they would have to backtrack to get back to the taxiway. If the pilot put it on the numbers then they might turn off on taxiway delta, or echo at the longest, clearing the runway sooner and having less taxi time.



          Conversely, if you are in a light single on approach to 28 you'd want to aim for a 1/3 of the way, putting it down on the numbers means ages taxiing down the runway to the first turn-off point, all the while hearing the calls of those on late final having to go around because you're trundling down to Echo.






          share|improve this answer





















          • good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday


















          up vote
          0
          down vote













          I would agree with the previous posts that prevailing winds from the East is the likely solution, but you mentioned that this was significantly lower than most approaches. One reason that one may fly a lower than normal approach is for a "no flap" landing. I can't speak for a Cessna 400 series, but the flaps on high wing light Cessna aircraft are controlled electronically. Should one lose their electrical system, they would land without flaps, at a higher rate of speed, and at a reduced angle of approach. This is something that should be practiced from time to time.






          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Patrick is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.














          • 1




            No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
            – David Richerby
            yesterday











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          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

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          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes








          up vote
          17
          down vote



          accepted










          The winds were coming from dead East 090°: See METAR, at >15kts. This strongly favours a landing on runway 10. The predominant winds in Blackpool are from the West, which may be why this is unusual to you.



          The approach you mention is just one of the possibilities. The charts also give the option to approach directly from the West. Outside of the published approaches, one could imagine that ATC vectored the Cessna in on a quicker path to beat the incoming helicopter.






          share|improve this answer

















          • 1




            Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday















          up vote
          17
          down vote



          accepted










          The winds were coming from dead East 090°: See METAR, at >15kts. This strongly favours a landing on runway 10. The predominant winds in Blackpool are from the West, which may be why this is unusual to you.



          The approach you mention is just one of the possibilities. The charts also give the option to approach directly from the West. Outside of the published approaches, one could imagine that ATC vectored the Cessna in on a quicker path to beat the incoming helicopter.






          share|improve this answer

















          • 1




            Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday













          up vote
          17
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          17
          down vote



          accepted






          The winds were coming from dead East 090°: See METAR, at >15kts. This strongly favours a landing on runway 10. The predominant winds in Blackpool are from the West, which may be why this is unusual to you.



          The approach you mention is just one of the possibilities. The charts also give the option to approach directly from the West. Outside of the published approaches, one could imagine that ATC vectored the Cessna in on a quicker path to beat the incoming helicopter.






          share|improve this answer












          The winds were coming from dead East 090°: See METAR, at >15kts. This strongly favours a landing on runway 10. The predominant winds in Blackpool are from the West, which may be why this is unusual to you.



          The approach you mention is just one of the possibilities. The charts also give the option to approach directly from the West. Outside of the published approaches, one could imagine that ATC vectored the Cessna in on a quicker path to beat the incoming helicopter.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered yesterday









          Sanchises

          5,53912052




          5,53912052








          • 1




            Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday














          • 1




            Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday








          1




          1




          Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
          – motosubatsu
          yesterday




          Thanks @Sanchises - that makes a lot of sense! Easterly winds are highly unusual here and I must admit I hadn't seen the chart showing the direct approach from the west before. The notion that they wanted to get the Cessna down before the heli is also blindingly obvious now that you mention it! I'll give it a few hours for form but I'd be surprised if any other answer can top this!
          – motosubatsu
          yesterday










          up vote
          6
          down vote













          The low approach was likely due to the layout of the airfield, which has all the parking, pumps, on the north west corner of it. Also, once you're halfway down the runway there's no taxiways from the east half of the runway. 28/10 is 1870 meters (6135 feet) long and a light single probably needs 300-400 meters of it to stop. If the pilot landed 1/3 down the runway and then took 400 meters to stop they would have to backtrack to get back to the taxiway. If the pilot put it on the numbers then they might turn off on taxiway delta, or echo at the longest, clearing the runway sooner and having less taxi time.



          Conversely, if you are in a light single on approach to 28 you'd want to aim for a 1/3 of the way, putting it down on the numbers means ages taxiing down the runway to the first turn-off point, all the while hearing the calls of those on late final having to go around because you're trundling down to Echo.






          share|improve this answer





















          • good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday















          up vote
          6
          down vote













          The low approach was likely due to the layout of the airfield, which has all the parking, pumps, on the north west corner of it. Also, once you're halfway down the runway there's no taxiways from the east half of the runway. 28/10 is 1870 meters (6135 feet) long and a light single probably needs 300-400 meters of it to stop. If the pilot landed 1/3 down the runway and then took 400 meters to stop they would have to backtrack to get back to the taxiway. If the pilot put it on the numbers then they might turn off on taxiway delta, or echo at the longest, clearing the runway sooner and having less taxi time.



          Conversely, if you are in a light single on approach to 28 you'd want to aim for a 1/3 of the way, putting it down on the numbers means ages taxiing down the runway to the first turn-off point, all the while hearing the calls of those on late final having to go around because you're trundling down to Echo.






          share|improve this answer





















          • good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday













          up vote
          6
          down vote










          up vote
          6
          down vote









          The low approach was likely due to the layout of the airfield, which has all the parking, pumps, on the north west corner of it. Also, once you're halfway down the runway there's no taxiways from the east half of the runway. 28/10 is 1870 meters (6135 feet) long and a light single probably needs 300-400 meters of it to stop. If the pilot landed 1/3 down the runway and then took 400 meters to stop they would have to backtrack to get back to the taxiway. If the pilot put it on the numbers then they might turn off on taxiway delta, or echo at the longest, clearing the runway sooner and having less taxi time.



          Conversely, if you are in a light single on approach to 28 you'd want to aim for a 1/3 of the way, putting it down on the numbers means ages taxiing down the runway to the first turn-off point, all the while hearing the calls of those on late final having to go around because you're trundling down to Echo.






          share|improve this answer












          The low approach was likely due to the layout of the airfield, which has all the parking, pumps, on the north west corner of it. Also, once you're halfway down the runway there's no taxiways from the east half of the runway. 28/10 is 1870 meters (6135 feet) long and a light single probably needs 300-400 meters of it to stop. If the pilot landed 1/3 down the runway and then took 400 meters to stop they would have to backtrack to get back to the taxiway. If the pilot put it on the numbers then they might turn off on taxiway delta, or echo at the longest, clearing the runway sooner and having less taxi time.



          Conversely, if you are in a light single on approach to 28 you'd want to aim for a 1/3 of the way, putting it down on the numbers means ages taxiing down the runway to the first turn-off point, all the while hearing the calls of those on late final having to go around because you're trundling down to Echo.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered yesterday









          GdD

          29.4k278126




          29.4k278126












          • good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday


















          • good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
            – motosubatsu
            yesterday
















          good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
          – motosubatsu
          yesterday




          good point about the positioning of the taxiways - hadn't thought about that. The vast majority of aircraft I'll have seen on approach (and been on) will have been commercial and therefore presumably would have required more room to stop than a lighter GA so landing on 10 would have made it tight to make the turnoff points. Obviously with no more commercial traffic more of what I can expect to see will be the lighter craft.
          – motosubatsu
          yesterday










          up vote
          0
          down vote













          I would agree with the previous posts that prevailing winds from the East is the likely solution, but you mentioned that this was significantly lower than most approaches. One reason that one may fly a lower than normal approach is for a "no flap" landing. I can't speak for a Cessna 400 series, but the flaps on high wing light Cessna aircraft are controlled electronically. Should one lose their electrical system, they would land without flaps, at a higher rate of speed, and at a reduced angle of approach. This is something that should be practiced from time to time.






          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Patrick is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.














          • 1




            No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
            – David Richerby
            yesterday















          up vote
          0
          down vote













          I would agree with the previous posts that prevailing winds from the East is the likely solution, but you mentioned that this was significantly lower than most approaches. One reason that one may fly a lower than normal approach is for a "no flap" landing. I can't speak for a Cessna 400 series, but the flaps on high wing light Cessna aircraft are controlled electronically. Should one lose their electrical system, they would land without flaps, at a higher rate of speed, and at a reduced angle of approach. This is something that should be practiced from time to time.






          share|improve this answer








          New contributor




          Patrick is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
          Check out our Code of Conduct.














          • 1




            No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
            – David Richerby
            yesterday













          up vote
          0
          down vote










          up vote
          0
          down vote









          I would agree with the previous posts that prevailing winds from the East is the likely solution, but you mentioned that this was significantly lower than most approaches. One reason that one may fly a lower than normal approach is for a "no flap" landing. I can't speak for a Cessna 400 series, but the flaps on high wing light Cessna aircraft are controlled electronically. Should one lose their electrical system, they would land without flaps, at a higher rate of speed, and at a reduced angle of approach. This is something that should be practiced from time to time.






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          I would agree with the previous posts that prevailing winds from the East is the likely solution, but you mentioned that this was significantly lower than most approaches. One reason that one may fly a lower than normal approach is for a "no flap" landing. I can't speak for a Cessna 400 series, but the flaps on high wing light Cessna aircraft are controlled electronically. Should one lose their electrical system, they would land without flaps, at a higher rate of speed, and at a reduced angle of approach. This is something that should be practiced from time to time.







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          answered yesterday









          Patrick

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          312




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          • 1




            No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
            – David Richerby
            yesterday














          • 1




            No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
            – David Richerby
            yesterday








          1




          1




          No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
          – David Richerby
          yesterday




          No, the prevailing wind in pretty much the whole of the British Isles is from the west. The wind on that particular day was very unusual in that it was from the east.
          – David Richerby
          yesterday


















           

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