Minimizing area of ellipse
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Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:
conic-sections
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|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:
conic-sections
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Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
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– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
1
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Why not to add the equations to the post ?
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– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
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Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
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– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
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No it has to be chosen appropriately
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– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
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@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:
conic-sections
$endgroup$
Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:
conic-sections
conic-sections
edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:47
Harsh
asked Dec 30 '18 at 15:22
HarshHarsh
565
565
$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
1
$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
1
$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
1
1
$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
|
show 3 more comments
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
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If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$
then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$
where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$
and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$
Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.
EDIT.
The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.
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$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let me try to help with the discriminant.
Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$
So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$
Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$
Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$
Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$
Use this in (1) above:
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$
Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain
$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$
Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain
$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$
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add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
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active
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active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$
then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$
where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$
and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$
Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.
EDIT.
The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$
then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$
where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$
and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$
Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.
EDIT.
The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$
then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$
where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$
and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$
Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.
EDIT.
The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.
$endgroup$
If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$
then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$
where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$
and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$
Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.
EDIT.
The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.
edited Dec 30 '18 at 20:24
answered Dec 30 '18 at 18:09
AretinoAretino
25.9k31546
25.9k31546
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
$begingroup$
Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 19:33
1
1
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 20:18
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
$begingroup$
@Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
$endgroup$
– YiFan
Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let me try to help with the discriminant.
Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$
So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$
Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$
Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$
Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$
Use this in (1) above:
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$
Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain
$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$
Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain
$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let me try to help with the discriminant.
Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$
So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$
Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$
Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$
Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$
Use this in (1) above:
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$
Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain
$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$
Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain
$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let me try to help with the discriminant.
Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$
So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$
Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$
Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$
Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$
Use this in (1) above:
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$
Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain
$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$
Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain
$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$
$endgroup$
Let me try to help with the discriminant.
Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$
So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$
Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$
Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$
Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$
Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$
Use this in (1) above:
$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$
Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain
$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$
Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain
$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$
answered Dec 31 '18 at 0:55
PTDSPTDS
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$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18
1
$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22
$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28
$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36
$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37