Minimizing area of ellipse












5












$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
















5












$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37














5












5








5


2



$begingroup$


Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Find minimum area of an ellipse that can pack three unit circles such that all three touch the ellipse internally:
enter image description here
I took a point H as shown in the diagram and used the fact that the radius of the circle is 1, and that the circle touches the ellipse at point H. I am getting four equations for five unknowns, which means I can derive a relation between a and b of ellipse and use calculus to minimize the area. But those equations are tedious to solve and even after hours, I am not able to solve them.
Is there any easier way to solve this?
Here are the equations which I've got:



enter image description here







conic-sections






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 30 '18 at 16:47







Harsh

















asked Dec 30 '18 at 15:22









HarshHarsh

565




565












  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37


















  • $begingroup$
    Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:18






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not to add the equations to the post ?
    $endgroup$
    – Claude Leibovici
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:22










  • $begingroup$
    Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
    $endgroup$
    – Christian Blatter
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:28










  • $begingroup$
    No it has to be chosen appropriately
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:36










  • $begingroup$
    @Aretino Yes they do
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 16:37
















$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18




$begingroup$
Do circles A and C touch the ellipse each at two points?
$endgroup$
– Aretino
Dec 30 '18 at 16:18




1




1




$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22




$begingroup$
Why not to add the equations to the post ?
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Dec 30 '18 at 16:22












$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28




$begingroup$
Is the angle $theta$ given, or does it have to be chosen appropriately?
$endgroup$
– Christian Blatter
Dec 30 '18 at 16:28












$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36




$begingroup$
No it has to be chosen appropriately
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:36












$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37




$begingroup$
@Aretino Yes they do
$endgroup$
– Harsh
Dec 30 '18 at 16:37










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
$$
A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
$$

then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
$$
{x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
$$

where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
$$
(x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
$$

and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
$$
a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
$$

Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



EDIT.



The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










  • $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58





















1












$begingroup$

Let me try to help with the discriminant.



Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



So the equation becomes
$$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
$$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
$$



Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



Use this in (1) above:



$$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
$$



Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



$$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



$$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$














    Your Answer








    StackExchange.ready(function() {
    var channelOptions = {
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "69"
    };
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
    createEditor();
    });
    }
    else {
    createEditor();
    }
    });

    function createEditor() {
    StackExchange.prepareEditor({
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: true,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: 10,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader: {
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    },
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    });


    }
    });














    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function () {
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3056928%2fminimizing-area-of-ellipse%23new-answer', 'question_page');
    }
    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4












    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58


















    4












    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58
















    4












    4








    4





    $begingroup$

    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$



    If we choose coordinates as in your sketch:
    $$
    A=(-2sintheta,0);quad B=(0,-2costheta);quad C=(2sintheta,0);
    $$

    then the tangent ellipse must be centered at $(0,0)$ and have $b=1+2costheta$ as the $y$ semi-axis. Hence its equation is:
    $$
    {x^2over a^2}+{y^2over(1+2costheta)^2}=1,
    $$

    where the unknown semi-axis $a$ must be determined so that the ellipse touches circle $C$. To find $a$ we can couple the equation of the ellipse to that of circle $C$:
    $$
    (x-2sintheta)^2+y^2=1
    $$

    and plug then $y^2=1-(x-2sintheta)^2$ into the ellipse equation.
    The resulting quadratic equation in $x$ must have vanishing discriminant, which leads to:
    $$
    a={1+2costhetaoversqrt{costheta}}.
    $$

    Knowing both semi-axes $a$ and $b$ as a function of $theta$ you can then find by yourself the minimum value of the area, which occurs for $costheta=1/6$.



    EDIT.



    The above method to find $a$ works as long as tangency points have $yne0$, that is for $theta>theta_0$, with $theta_0approx69.65°$. For smaller values of $theta$ you get simply $a=1+2sintheta$, but you can check that those ellipses have larger area.







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Dec 30 '18 at 20:24

























    answered Dec 30 '18 at 18:09









    AretinoAretino

    25.9k31546




    25.9k31546












    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58




















    • $begingroup$
      Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
      $endgroup$
      – Harsh
      Dec 30 '18 at 19:33








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
      $endgroup$
      – Aretino
      Dec 30 '18 at 20:18










    • $begingroup$
      @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
      $endgroup$
      – YiFan
      Dec 30 '18 at 23:58


















    $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33






    $begingroup$
    Did you use a software or something to find that expression for semi major axis a? I am still not able to find that expression. The equations are difficult to solve by hand.
    $endgroup$
    – Harsh
    Dec 30 '18 at 19:33






    1




    1




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18




    $begingroup$
    I did it by hand. Remember you don't have to solve the equation for $x$, but just $Delta=0$.
    $endgroup$
    – Aretino
    Dec 30 '18 at 20:18












    $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58






    $begingroup$
    @Harsh in case you don't know this, the reason we set $Delta=0$ (the discriminant) is because the circle is tangent to the ellipse, hence the quadratic equation must have precisely one real root.
    $endgroup$
    – YiFan
    Dec 30 '18 at 23:58













    1












    $begingroup$

    Let me try to help with the discriminant.



    Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



    Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



    So the equation becomes
    $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



    Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



    Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
    $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
    $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



    Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



    $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
    $$



    Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



    Use this in (1) above:



    $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
    $$



    Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



    $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



    Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



    $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      1












      $begingroup$

      Let me try to help with the discriminant.



      Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



      Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



      So the equation becomes
      $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



      Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



      Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
      $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
      $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



      Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



      $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
      $$



      Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



      Use this in (1) above:



      $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
      $$



      Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



      $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



      Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



      $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        1












        1








        1





        $begingroup$

        Let me try to help with the discriminant.



        Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



        So the equation becomes
        $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



        Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



        Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
        $$



        Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



        Use this in (1) above:



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
        $$



        Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



        $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



        Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



        $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        Let me try to help with the discriminant.



        Start with $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{y^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Put $$y^2=1−(x−2 sinθ)^2$$



        So the equation becomes
        $$frac{x^2}{a^2}+ frac{1−(x−2 sinθ)^2}{(1+2cosθ)^2}=1$$



        Compare it with the standard quadratic equation $px^2 + qx + r = 0$. If the discriminant is zero, then the roots are equal and $q^2 = 4pr$



        Here, $$p = frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$q = frac{4 sin θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}$$
        $$r = frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1$$



        Now $q^2 = 4pr implies$



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{1- 4 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}-1right) (1)
        $$



        Next, observe that $$1- 4 sin^2 θ - (1+2 cos θ)^2 = -4(1+ cos θ)$$



        Use this in (1) above:



        $$frac{16 sin^2 θ}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = 4 left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-4(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (2)
        $$



        Next cancel $16$ from both LHS and RHS and write $$ sin^2 theta = (1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)$$ on the LHS of (2) to obtain



        $$frac{(1 - cos theta)(1 + cos theta)}{(1+2 cos θ)^4} = left(frac{1}{a^2} - frac{1}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) left(frac{-(1+ cos θ)}{(1+2 cos θ)^2}right) (3) $$



        Next cancel $(1 + cos theta)$ from both LHS and RHS of (3) and rearrange to obtain



        $$ frac{1}{a^2} = frac{cos theta}{(1+2 cos theta)^2}$$







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 31 '18 at 0:55









        PTDSPTDS

        57923




        57923






























            draft saved

            draft discarded




















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3056928%2fminimizing-area-of-ellipse%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            Bundesstraße 106

            Verónica Boquete

            Ida-Boy-Ed-Garten