Computing the log-likelihood term
I´m currently reading the paper "The Little Engine that Could
Regularization by Denoising (RED)" by Yaniv Romano and Micheal Elad. In the beginning they come up with solving the Maximum aposteriori Probability (MAP) for an given (measured) image $y$ and a unknown image $x$. So one tries to solve ${argmax}_x P(xvert y)$ which is equivalent to solving ${argmin}_x -log(P(yvert x)) -log(P(x))$. The term $l(y,x)=-log(P(yvert x))$ is also know as the log-likelihood term. Then there is written that $l(y,x)=frac{1}{2sigma^2}vertvert Hx-yvert{vert}_2^2$ if $y=Hx+e$, where $e$ is a gaussian noise with variance $sigma^2$, and $H$ is a linear Operator. This is what I don´t get. Can anybody help me to compute the log-likeliehood term $l(y,x)$ for the case that $y=Hx+e$?
Thanking you in anticipation,
Christian
bayes-theorem empirical-bayes
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
add a comment |
I´m currently reading the paper "The Little Engine that Could
Regularization by Denoising (RED)" by Yaniv Romano and Micheal Elad. In the beginning they come up with solving the Maximum aposteriori Probability (MAP) for an given (measured) image $y$ and a unknown image $x$. So one tries to solve ${argmax}_x P(xvert y)$ which is equivalent to solving ${argmin}_x -log(P(yvert x)) -log(P(x))$. The term $l(y,x)=-log(P(yvert x))$ is also know as the log-likelihood term. Then there is written that $l(y,x)=frac{1}{2sigma^2}vertvert Hx-yvert{vert}_2^2$ if $y=Hx+e$, where $e$ is a gaussian noise with variance $sigma^2$, and $H$ is a linear Operator. This is what I don´t get. Can anybody help me to compute the log-likeliehood term $l(y,x)$ for the case that $y=Hx+e$?
Thanking you in anticipation,
Christian
bayes-theorem empirical-bayes
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04
add a comment |
I´m currently reading the paper "The Little Engine that Could
Regularization by Denoising (RED)" by Yaniv Romano and Micheal Elad. In the beginning they come up with solving the Maximum aposteriori Probability (MAP) for an given (measured) image $y$ and a unknown image $x$. So one tries to solve ${argmax}_x P(xvert y)$ which is equivalent to solving ${argmin}_x -log(P(yvert x)) -log(P(x))$. The term $l(y,x)=-log(P(yvert x))$ is also know as the log-likelihood term. Then there is written that $l(y,x)=frac{1}{2sigma^2}vertvert Hx-yvert{vert}_2^2$ if $y=Hx+e$, where $e$ is a gaussian noise with variance $sigma^2$, and $H$ is a linear Operator. This is what I don´t get. Can anybody help me to compute the log-likeliehood term $l(y,x)$ for the case that $y=Hx+e$?
Thanking you in anticipation,
Christian
bayes-theorem empirical-bayes
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
I´m currently reading the paper "The Little Engine that Could
Regularization by Denoising (RED)" by Yaniv Romano and Micheal Elad. In the beginning they come up with solving the Maximum aposteriori Probability (MAP) for an given (measured) image $y$ and a unknown image $x$. So one tries to solve ${argmax}_x P(xvert y)$ which is equivalent to solving ${argmin}_x -log(P(yvert x)) -log(P(x))$. The term $l(y,x)=-log(P(yvert x))$ is also know as the log-likelihood term. Then there is written that $l(y,x)=frac{1}{2sigma^2}vertvert Hx-yvert{vert}_2^2$ if $y=Hx+e$, where $e$ is a gaussian noise with variance $sigma^2$, and $H$ is a linear Operator. This is what I don´t get. Can anybody help me to compute the log-likeliehood term $l(y,x)$ for the case that $y=Hx+e$?
Thanking you in anticipation,
Christian
bayes-theorem empirical-bayes
bayes-theorem empirical-bayes
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
asked Nov 29 '18 at 15:37
Chris S.Chris S.
103
103
The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04
add a comment |
The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04
The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04
add a comment |
1 Answer
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The prior assumption is that $y=Hx + e$, where $e$ follows a gaussian distribution with mean $0$ and covariance $sigma^2I$. Let me restate this using the notation $p(e) = mathcal{N}(e|0, sigma^2I)$.
This assumption implies that $p(y|x)=mathcal{N}(y|Hx, sigma^2)$ (note that we are considering a conditional distribution where $x$ is given, so we may see $x$ as deterministic).
Therefore, assuming the vectors $x$ and $y$ are $k$-dimensional,
begin{align}
-log p(y|x) &= -log left(frac{1}{sigma sqrt{(2pi)^k}} expleft(-frac{1}{2}(y-Hx)'sigma^{-2}I(y-Hx) right) right) \
&= frac{1}{2sigma^2}||y-Hx||^2 + text{const.}
end{align}
Assuming $sigma^2$ is fixed, the "const." is a constant and, therefore, does not affect the arg min.
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
add a comment |
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1 Answer
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The prior assumption is that $y=Hx + e$, where $e$ follows a gaussian distribution with mean $0$ and covariance $sigma^2I$. Let me restate this using the notation $p(e) = mathcal{N}(e|0, sigma^2I)$.
This assumption implies that $p(y|x)=mathcal{N}(y|Hx, sigma^2)$ (note that we are considering a conditional distribution where $x$ is given, so we may see $x$ as deterministic).
Therefore, assuming the vectors $x$ and $y$ are $k$-dimensional,
begin{align}
-log p(y|x) &= -log left(frac{1}{sigma sqrt{(2pi)^k}} expleft(-frac{1}{2}(y-Hx)'sigma^{-2}I(y-Hx) right) right) \
&= frac{1}{2sigma^2}||y-Hx||^2 + text{const.}
end{align}
Assuming $sigma^2$ is fixed, the "const." is a constant and, therefore, does not affect the arg min.
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
add a comment |
The prior assumption is that $y=Hx + e$, where $e$ follows a gaussian distribution with mean $0$ and covariance $sigma^2I$. Let me restate this using the notation $p(e) = mathcal{N}(e|0, sigma^2I)$.
This assumption implies that $p(y|x)=mathcal{N}(y|Hx, sigma^2)$ (note that we are considering a conditional distribution where $x$ is given, so we may see $x$ as deterministic).
Therefore, assuming the vectors $x$ and $y$ are $k$-dimensional,
begin{align}
-log p(y|x) &= -log left(frac{1}{sigma sqrt{(2pi)^k}} expleft(-frac{1}{2}(y-Hx)'sigma^{-2}I(y-Hx) right) right) \
&= frac{1}{2sigma^2}||y-Hx||^2 + text{const.}
end{align}
Assuming $sigma^2$ is fixed, the "const." is a constant and, therefore, does not affect the arg min.
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
add a comment |
The prior assumption is that $y=Hx + e$, where $e$ follows a gaussian distribution with mean $0$ and covariance $sigma^2I$. Let me restate this using the notation $p(e) = mathcal{N}(e|0, sigma^2I)$.
This assumption implies that $p(y|x)=mathcal{N}(y|Hx, sigma^2)$ (note that we are considering a conditional distribution where $x$ is given, so we may see $x$ as deterministic).
Therefore, assuming the vectors $x$ and $y$ are $k$-dimensional,
begin{align}
-log p(y|x) &= -log left(frac{1}{sigma sqrt{(2pi)^k}} expleft(-frac{1}{2}(y-Hx)'sigma^{-2}I(y-Hx) right) right) \
&= frac{1}{2sigma^2}||y-Hx||^2 + text{const.}
end{align}
Assuming $sigma^2$ is fixed, the "const." is a constant and, therefore, does not affect the arg min.
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
The prior assumption is that $y=Hx + e$, where $e$ follows a gaussian distribution with mean $0$ and covariance $sigma^2I$. Let me restate this using the notation $p(e) = mathcal{N}(e|0, sigma^2I)$.
This assumption implies that $p(y|x)=mathcal{N}(y|Hx, sigma^2)$ (note that we are considering a conditional distribution where $x$ is given, so we may see $x$ as deterministic).
Therefore, assuming the vectors $x$ and $y$ are $k$-dimensional,
begin{align}
-log p(y|x) &= -log left(frac{1}{sigma sqrt{(2pi)^k}} expleft(-frac{1}{2}(y-Hx)'sigma^{-2}I(y-Hx) right) right) \
&= frac{1}{2sigma^2}||y-Hx||^2 + text{const.}
end{align}
Assuming $sigma^2$ is fixed, the "const." is a constant and, therefore, does not affect the arg min.
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
edited Nov 30 '18 at 10:31
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
answered Nov 29 '18 at 17:15
D...D...
213113
213113
add a comment |
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The book has to make some assumption about the distribution $P(y|x)$, like for instance assuming it's a gaussian or something like that.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 15:49
We only know that $e$ has a gaussian distribution. Do we really need further assumption? The result is also dependent on $x$ and $y$.
– Chris S.
Nov 29 '18 at 16:21
Sorry, I misunderstood the problem statement initially. The book is correct. I'll show you why in a few moments.
– D...
Nov 29 '18 at 17:04