When do permutations commute?












6












$begingroup$


When do two permutations commute?



How do you find out something like how many permutations in $S_7$ commute with $(12)(345)$?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:50










  • $begingroup$
    $ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:52










  • $begingroup$
    I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:54












  • $begingroup$
    @G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:58






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    The question is a duplicate of this.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Ravsky
    Nov 23 '17 at 3:45


















6












$begingroup$


When do two permutations commute?



How do you find out something like how many permutations in $S_7$ commute with $(12)(345)$?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:50










  • $begingroup$
    $ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:52










  • $begingroup$
    I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:54












  • $begingroup$
    @G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:58






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    The question is a duplicate of this.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Ravsky
    Nov 23 '17 at 3:45
















6












6








6


3



$begingroup$


When do two permutations commute?



How do you find out something like how many permutations in $S_7$ commute with $(12)(345)$?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




When do two permutations commute?



How do you find out something like how many permutations in $S_7$ commute with $(12)(345)$?







abstract-algebra permutations






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Nov 22 '17 at 16:55







Zaz

















asked Nov 13 '17 at 23:45









ZazZaz

5481826




5481826








  • 6




    $begingroup$
    Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:50










  • $begingroup$
    $ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:52










  • $begingroup$
    I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:54












  • $begingroup$
    @G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:58






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    The question is a duplicate of this.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Ravsky
    Nov 23 '17 at 3:45
















  • 6




    $begingroup$
    Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:50










  • $begingroup$
    $ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:52










  • $begingroup$
    I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
    $endgroup$
    – user228113
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:54












  • $begingroup$
    @G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
    $endgroup$
    – Zaz
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:58






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    The question is a duplicate of this.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Ravsky
    Nov 23 '17 at 3:45










6




6




$begingroup$
Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
$endgroup$
– user228113
Nov 13 '17 at 23:50




$begingroup$
Conjugate permutations hardly ever commute.
$endgroup$
– user228113
Nov 13 '17 at 23:50












$begingroup$
$ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
$endgroup$
– Zaz
Nov 13 '17 at 23:52




$begingroup$
$ ab = ba iff b = a^{-1}ba $ ?
$endgroup$
– Zaz
Nov 13 '17 at 23:52












$begingroup$
I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
$endgroup$
– user228113
Nov 13 '17 at 23:54






$begingroup$
I second what you just wrote: $b$ commutes with $a$ if and only if the conjugate of $b$ with respect to $a$ is $b$ itself.
$endgroup$
– user228113
Nov 13 '17 at 23:54














$begingroup$
@G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
$endgroup$
– Zaz
Nov 13 '17 at 23:58




$begingroup$
@G.Sassatelli: Aah, I see I've misunderstood the meaning of conjugate. What is the criteria for when permutations commute then?
$endgroup$
– Zaz
Nov 13 '17 at 23:58




3




3




$begingroup$
The question is a duplicate of this.
$endgroup$
– Alex Ravsky
Nov 23 '17 at 3:45






$begingroup$
The question is a duplicate of this.
$endgroup$
– Alex Ravsky
Nov 23 '17 at 3:45












2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

Not true at all. For example, the cycles $(1,2,3)$ and $(2,3,4)$ have the same cycle structure but do not commute.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
    $endgroup$
    – user160660
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:57



















2





+50







$begingroup$

The answer below needs an edit, please see discussion below.





In your case (and in this earlier question), all cycles have different lengths, but in general, a permutation may have some equal length cycles in its disjoint cycle decomposition. Permutations $sigma$ and $pi$ commute when $pi$




  • permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$, and/or

  • permutes the sets of elements in equal length disjoint cycles of $sigma$.


Klein 4-group is the smallest nontrivial example of the second action. E.g. $(12)(34)$ commutes with $(13)(24)$ because $(13)(24)$ maps the set ${1,2}$ onto set ${3,4}$ and vice versa.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 10:03






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 17 '18 at 15:25












  • $begingroup$
    Thank a lot for the clarification :)
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 16:19










  • $begingroup$
    I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 19 '18 at 10:35










  • $begingroup$
    You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 19 '18 at 15:30











Your Answer





StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2519085%2fwhen-do-permutations-commute%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









2












$begingroup$

Not true at all. For example, the cycles $(1,2,3)$ and $(2,3,4)$ have the same cycle structure but do not commute.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
    $endgroup$
    – user160660
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:57
















2












$begingroup$

Not true at all. For example, the cycles $(1,2,3)$ and $(2,3,4)$ have the same cycle structure but do not commute.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
    $endgroup$
    – user160660
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:57














2












2








2





$begingroup$

Not true at all. For example, the cycles $(1,2,3)$ and $(2,3,4)$ have the same cycle structure but do not commute.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



Not true at all. For example, the cycles $(1,2,3)$ and $(2,3,4)$ have the same cycle structure but do not commute.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Nov 13 '17 at 23:50









Robert IsraelRobert Israel

328k23216470




328k23216470












  • $begingroup$
    In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
    $endgroup$
    – user160660
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:57


















  • $begingroup$
    In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
    $endgroup$
    – user160660
    Nov 13 '17 at 23:57
















$begingroup$
In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
$endgroup$
– user160660
Nov 13 '17 at 23:57




$begingroup$
In support of this: $P_{12}P_{23}ne P_{23}P_{12}$ although both elements have the same cycle structure.
$endgroup$
– user160660
Nov 13 '17 at 23:57











2





+50







$begingroup$

The answer below needs an edit, please see discussion below.





In your case (and in this earlier question), all cycles have different lengths, but in general, a permutation may have some equal length cycles in its disjoint cycle decomposition. Permutations $sigma$ and $pi$ commute when $pi$




  • permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$, and/or

  • permutes the sets of elements in equal length disjoint cycles of $sigma$.


Klein 4-group is the smallest nontrivial example of the second action. E.g. $(12)(34)$ commutes with $(13)(24)$ because $(13)(24)$ maps the set ${1,2}$ onto set ${3,4}$ and vice versa.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 10:03






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 17 '18 at 15:25












  • $begingroup$
    Thank a lot for the clarification :)
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 16:19










  • $begingroup$
    I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 19 '18 at 10:35










  • $begingroup$
    You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 19 '18 at 15:30
















2





+50







$begingroup$

The answer below needs an edit, please see discussion below.





In your case (and in this earlier question), all cycles have different lengths, but in general, a permutation may have some equal length cycles in its disjoint cycle decomposition. Permutations $sigma$ and $pi$ commute when $pi$




  • permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$, and/or

  • permutes the sets of elements in equal length disjoint cycles of $sigma$.


Klein 4-group is the smallest nontrivial example of the second action. E.g. $(12)(34)$ commutes with $(13)(24)$ because $(13)(24)$ maps the set ${1,2}$ onto set ${3,4}$ and vice versa.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 10:03






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 17 '18 at 15:25












  • $begingroup$
    Thank a lot for the clarification :)
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 16:19










  • $begingroup$
    I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 19 '18 at 10:35










  • $begingroup$
    You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 19 '18 at 15:30














2





+50







2





+50



2




+50



$begingroup$

The answer below needs an edit, please see discussion below.





In your case (and in this earlier question), all cycles have different lengths, but in general, a permutation may have some equal length cycles in its disjoint cycle decomposition. Permutations $sigma$ and $pi$ commute when $pi$




  • permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$, and/or

  • permutes the sets of elements in equal length disjoint cycles of $sigma$.


Klein 4-group is the smallest nontrivial example of the second action. E.g. $(12)(34)$ commutes with $(13)(24)$ because $(13)(24)$ maps the set ${1,2}$ onto set ${3,4}$ and vice versa.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



The answer below needs an edit, please see discussion below.





In your case (and in this earlier question), all cycles have different lengths, but in general, a permutation may have some equal length cycles in its disjoint cycle decomposition. Permutations $sigma$ and $pi$ commute when $pi$




  • permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$, and/or

  • permutes the sets of elements in equal length disjoint cycles of $sigma$.


Klein 4-group is the smallest nontrivial example of the second action. E.g. $(12)(34)$ commutes with $(13)(24)$ because $(13)(24)$ maps the set ${1,2}$ onto set ${3,4}$ and vice versa.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Dec 20 '18 at 3:27

























answered Nov 29 '17 at 3:09









Alexander BursteinAlexander Burstein

1,234218




1,234218












  • $begingroup$
    is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 10:03






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 17 '18 at 15:25












  • $begingroup$
    Thank a lot for the clarification :)
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 16:19










  • $begingroup$
    I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 19 '18 at 10:35










  • $begingroup$
    You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 19 '18 at 15:30


















  • $begingroup$
    is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 10:03






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 17 '18 at 15:25












  • $begingroup$
    Thank a lot for the clarification :)
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 17 '18 at 16:19










  • $begingroup$
    I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
    $endgroup$
    – GA316
    Dec 19 '18 at 10:35










  • $begingroup$
    You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
    $endgroup$
    – Alexander Burstein
    Dec 19 '18 at 15:30
















$begingroup$
is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 17 '18 at 10:03




$begingroup$
is this a necessary and sufficient condition for two permutation to commute? Thank you.
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 17 '18 at 10:03




1




1




$begingroup$
It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
$endgroup$
– Alexander Burstein
Dec 17 '18 at 15:25






$begingroup$
It’s easier to think of the conditions above as those for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$. Also $sigma: imapsto j$ if and only if $pisigmapi^{-1}: pi(i)mapstopi(j)$. So, yes, the above conditions are necessary and sufficient for $pisigmapi^{-1}=sigma$.
$endgroup$
– Alexander Burstein
Dec 17 '18 at 15:25














$begingroup$
Thank a lot for the clarification :)
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 17 '18 at 16:19




$begingroup$
Thank a lot for the clarification :)
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 17 '18 at 16:19












$begingroup$
I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 19 '18 at 10:35




$begingroup$
I have a doubt. please clarify. a = (124)(356) permutes elements within the cycle b = (123456). ie. It sends 1,2,3,4,5,6 to 1,2,3,4,5,6 . but these two cycles are not commuting. So can you please explain me your term "permutes elements within disjoint cycles of $sigma$"?. Thank a lot.
$endgroup$
– GA316
Dec 19 '18 at 10:35












$begingroup$
You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
$endgroup$
– Alexander Burstein
Dec 19 '18 at 15:30




$begingroup$
You’re right, this doesn’t quite work as desired. I think I meant it to be in a way that preserves the cycles, i.e. for $(123456)$, that would be e.g. $(135)(246)$ or $(14)(25)(36)$. Those are both powers of $(123456)$, so I think this part can be made even more precise.
$endgroup$
– Alexander Burstein
Dec 19 '18 at 15:30


















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2519085%2fwhen-do-permutations-commute%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

Bundesstraße 106

Verónica Boquete

Ida-Boy-Ed-Garten