Solve Ax=b, where A consist of $x^k$, is my method using RREF on augmented matrix valid?












0












$begingroup$


I have Ax=b,
$$
begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & x^2 \
x & 1 & x \
x^2 & x & 1
end{bmatrix}
begin{bmatrix}
a \ b \ c
end{bmatrix} =
begin{bmatrix}
x \ x^2 \ x^3
end{bmatrix}
$$

and I transform it into an augmented matrix:



$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x & 1 & x & x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



I tried to do RREF by considering x and function of x as part of constants, for example, $R_2-R_1x$:
$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x-x & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & x^2-x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



And finally arrive at,
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & 0 & 0 & x \
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}



$$ a = x, b = 0, c = 0$$



Are the operations to reduce the matrix by multiplying by x and function of x valid?










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$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Is $x$ a constant or variable?
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 10 '18 at 9:25
















0












$begingroup$


I have Ax=b,
$$
begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & x^2 \
x & 1 & x \
x^2 & x & 1
end{bmatrix}
begin{bmatrix}
a \ b \ c
end{bmatrix} =
begin{bmatrix}
x \ x^2 \ x^3
end{bmatrix}
$$

and I transform it into an augmented matrix:



$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x & 1 & x & x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



I tried to do RREF by considering x and function of x as part of constants, for example, $R_2-R_1x$:
$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x-x & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & x^2-x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



And finally arrive at,
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & 0 & 0 & x \
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}



$$ a = x, b = 0, c = 0$$



Are the operations to reduce the matrix by multiplying by x and function of x valid?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Is $x$ a constant or variable?
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 10 '18 at 9:25














0












0








0


1



$begingroup$


I have Ax=b,
$$
begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & x^2 \
x & 1 & x \
x^2 & x & 1
end{bmatrix}
begin{bmatrix}
a \ b \ c
end{bmatrix} =
begin{bmatrix}
x \ x^2 \ x^3
end{bmatrix}
$$

and I transform it into an augmented matrix:



$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x & 1 & x & x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



I tried to do RREF by considering x and function of x as part of constants, for example, $R_2-R_1x$:
$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x-x & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & x^2-x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



And finally arrive at,
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & 0 & 0 & x \
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}



$$ a = x, b = 0, c = 0$$



Are the operations to reduce the matrix by multiplying by x and function of x valid?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




I have Ax=b,
$$
begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & x^2 \
x & 1 & x \
x^2 & x & 1
end{bmatrix}
begin{bmatrix}
a \ b \ c
end{bmatrix} =
begin{bmatrix}
x \ x^2 \ x^3
end{bmatrix}
$$

and I transform it into an augmented matrix:



$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x & 1 & x & x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



I tried to do RREF by considering x and function of x as part of constants, for example, $R_2-R_1x$:
$$
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
x-x & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & x^2-x^2\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}=
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}
$$



And finally arrive at,
begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & 0 & 0 & x \
0 & 1 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}



$$ a = x, b = 0, c = 0$$



Are the operations to reduce the matrix by multiplying by x and function of x valid?







linear-algebra matrices systems-of-equations






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edited Dec 10 '18 at 8:58









José Carlos Santos

161k22128232




161k22128232










asked Dec 10 '18 at 8:25









drerDdrerD

1609




1609












  • $begingroup$
    Is $x$ a constant or variable?
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 10 '18 at 9:25


















  • $begingroup$
    Is $x$ a constant or variable?
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 10 '18 at 9:25
















$begingroup$
Is $x$ a constant or variable?
$endgroup$
– Shubham Johri
Dec 10 '18 at 9:25




$begingroup$
Is $x$ a constant or variable?
$endgroup$
– Shubham Johri
Dec 10 '18 at 9:25










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$

$begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-x^2R_1}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & x(1-x^2) & 1-x^4 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}\xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-xR_2}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow[R_1to R_1+R_3]{R_2to R_2+xR_3}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & 1 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}$



If $x$ is a constant and $1-x^2=0, b,cinBbb R, a=x(1-b)-c=pm(1-b)-c$.



If $x$ is a constant but $1-x^2ne0, b=c=0,a=xnepm1$.



If $x$ is a variable, then in general, $b=c=0, a=x.$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 11 '18 at 1:31










  • $begingroup$
    Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 11 '18 at 6:34



















3












$begingroup$

We only can divide a row by $x$ if $xneq0$. Therefore, the case in which $x=0$ should be treated as a special case. More generaly, you can only divide a row by $f(x)$ if $f(x)neq0$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 10 '18 at 8:39











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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









1












$begingroup$

$begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-x^2R_1}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & x(1-x^2) & 1-x^4 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}\xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-xR_2}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow[R_1to R_1+R_3]{R_2to R_2+xR_3}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & 1 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}$



If $x$ is a constant and $1-x^2=0, b,cinBbb R, a=x(1-b)-c=pm(1-b)-c$.



If $x$ is a constant but $1-x^2ne0, b=c=0,a=xnepm1$.



If $x$ is a variable, then in general, $b=c=0, a=x.$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 11 '18 at 1:31










  • $begingroup$
    Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 11 '18 at 6:34
















1












$begingroup$

$begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-x^2R_1}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & x(1-x^2) & 1-x^4 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}\xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-xR_2}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow[R_1to R_1+R_3]{R_2to R_2+xR_3}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & 1 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}$



If $x$ is a constant and $1-x^2=0, b,cinBbb R, a=x(1-b)-c=pm(1-b)-c$.



If $x$ is a constant but $1-x^2ne0, b=c=0,a=xnepm1$.



If $x$ is a variable, then in general, $b=c=0, a=x.$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 11 '18 at 1:31










  • $begingroup$
    Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 11 '18 at 6:34














1












1








1





$begingroup$

$begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-x^2R_1}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & x(1-x^2) & 1-x^4 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}\xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-xR_2}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow[R_1to R_1+R_3]{R_2to R_2+xR_3}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & 1 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}$



If $x$ is a constant and $1-x^2=0, b,cinBbb R, a=x(1-b)-c=pm(1-b)-c$.



If $x$ is a constant but $1-x^2ne0, b=c=0,a=xnepm1$.



If $x$ is a variable, then in general, $b=c=0, a=x.$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



$begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
x^2 & x & 1 & x^3
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-x^2R_1}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & x(1-x^2) & 1-x^4 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}\xrightarrow{R_3to R_3-xR_2}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & x^2 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & x-x^3 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}xrightarrow[R_1to R_1+R_3]{R_2to R_2+xR_3}begin{bmatrix}begin{array}{ccc|c}
1 & x & 1 & x \
0 & 1-x^2 & 0 & 0\
0 & 0 & 1-x^2 & 0
end{array}end{bmatrix}$



If $x$ is a constant and $1-x^2=0, b,cinBbb R, a=x(1-b)-c=pm(1-b)-c$.



If $x$ is a constant but $1-x^2ne0, b=c=0,a=xnepm1$.



If $x$ is a variable, then in general, $b=c=0, a=x.$







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Dec 10 '18 at 9:35









Shubham JohriShubham Johri

5,192717




5,192717












  • $begingroup$
    it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 11 '18 at 1:31










  • $begingroup$
    Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 11 '18 at 6:34


















  • $begingroup$
    it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 11 '18 at 1:31










  • $begingroup$
    Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
    $endgroup$
    – Shubham Johri
    Dec 11 '18 at 6:34
















$begingroup$
it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
$endgroup$
– drerD
Dec 11 '18 at 1:31




$begingroup$
it makes sense if it's constant, but if it's variable does it make sense to do RREF still?
$endgroup$
– drerD
Dec 11 '18 at 1:31












$begingroup$
Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
$endgroup$
– Shubham Johri
Dec 11 '18 at 6:34




$begingroup$
Yes, you can still do Gaussian Elimination, but if $x$ is a variable and $a,b,c$ are constants, you don't have a solution to the system as shown above.
$endgroup$
– Shubham Johri
Dec 11 '18 at 6:34











3












$begingroup$

We only can divide a row by $x$ if $xneq0$. Therefore, the case in which $x=0$ should be treated as a special case. More generaly, you can only divide a row by $f(x)$ if $f(x)neq0$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 10 '18 at 8:39
















3












$begingroup$

We only can divide a row by $x$ if $xneq0$. Therefore, the case in which $x=0$ should be treated as a special case. More generaly, you can only divide a row by $f(x)$ if $f(x)neq0$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 10 '18 at 8:39














3












3








3





$begingroup$

We only can divide a row by $x$ if $xneq0$. Therefore, the case in which $x=0$ should be treated as a special case. More generaly, you can only divide a row by $f(x)$ if $f(x)neq0$.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



We only can divide a row by $x$ if $xneq0$. Therefore, the case in which $x=0$ should be treated as a special case. More generaly, you can only divide a row by $f(x)$ if $f(x)neq0$.







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Dec 10 '18 at 8:29









José Carlos SantosJosé Carlos Santos

161k22128232




161k22128232












  • $begingroup$
    interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 10 '18 at 8:39


















  • $begingroup$
    interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
    $endgroup$
    – drerD
    Dec 10 '18 at 8:39
















$begingroup$
interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
$endgroup$
– drerD
Dec 10 '18 at 8:39




$begingroup$
interesting, the x is actually representing $e^{-t_0}, t_0geq 0$. So it seems to work in general. But there's a case where I had to divide a row by $1-x^2 = 1-e^{-2t_0}$ which is zero if $t_0 = 0 $.
$endgroup$
– drerD
Dec 10 '18 at 8:39


















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